基于马尔可夫模型的交叉口两难区自适应控制  

Markov Model Based Adaptive Traffic Signal Control for Dilemma Zone at Signalized Intersections

作　　者：刘诗福[1] 张轮[1] 杨文臣[1] 王铮[1] 

机构地区：[1]同济大学道路与交通工程教育部重点实验室,上海201804

出　　处：《同济大学学报（自然科学版）》2016年第9期1398-1406,共9页Journal of Tongji University:Natural Science

基　　金：国家"八六三"高技术研究发展计划(2012AA112307)

摘　　要：提出一种基于马尔可夫模型的信控交叉口两难区自适应控制方法.根据实时监测的两难区内车辆数据,采用马尔可夫模型主动预测陷入两难区内车辆数的概率分布,提出采用基于n近邻的状态转移矩阵的更新框架,并综合考虑相位时长,建立相位延长和切换时两难区内当量车辆数的计算模型,进而以相位切换的风险概率为准则,采用即时决策的交通控制自适应调整相位时长.以广州市某交叉口进行VISSIM仿真实验,在不同强度的交通条件下,验证提出方法的效用并进行参数敏感性分析.仿真结果表明经过模型参数校准后,提出的控制方法在有效减少陷入两难区内的车辆数的同时,可减小交叉口的平均延误.This paper presents a markov model based adaptive traffic signal controller for dilemma zone（DZ） at signalized intersections. With the real-time traffic data of vehicles trapped in the DZ, the probability distribution of vehicles in the DZ is predicted using markov model, while the statetransition matrixes is rolling updated using the n-nearest neighbors algorithm. Taking the phase time and the predicted trapped vehicles into account, the model of equivalent number of vehicles in the DZ is developed, and then under the realtime decision signal control strategy, the green phase time is adjusted accroding to the defined risk probability of switching phase. Extensive experiments were conducted on a typical isolated intersection in Guangzhou via online VISSIM simulation under different traffic conditions, and the sensitive analysis of model parameters were analyzed in detail. The simulation results have demonstrated that with the calibriation of model parameter, the developed controllers has the great potential in the reduction of vehicles trapped in the DZ, as well as the average traffic delay.

关 键 词：两难区 自适应控制 主动预测 马尔可夫模型 状态转移矩阵 后悔率 

分 类 号：U491.51[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]