上海市金山区小学生使用书包行为及主观感觉分析  

Subjective complaints due to backpack among primary students in Jinshan district in Shanghai

作　　者：俞丹丹[1,2] 张亚宁[1] 王丽华[1] 张芳平[1] 程薇[1] 张玲玲[1] 严非[2] 

机构地区：[1]上海市金山区疾病预防控制中心,201599 [2]复旦大学公共卫生学院,卫生部卫生技术评估重点实验室

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2016年第9期1330-1332,1335,共4页Chinese Journal of School Health

基　　金：金山区卫生计生委青年课题项目(JSKJ-KTQN-2014-03)

摘　　要：目的了解上海市金山区小学生使用书包行为及主观感觉,为宣传科学规范使用书包提供理论依据。方法整群随机抽取上海市金山区5所小学999名学生,对学生进行自行设计的问卷调查。学生体重和身高数据由体检机构在2015年4月中旬至5月中旬体检所得。结果 98.8%的学生书包为双肩包且背带长度自由可以调节,88.2%的学生经常使用双肩背负书包,60.2%的学生经常调节书包背带的长度,36.3%的学生书包配有腰带,仅4.9%的学生经常系紧腰带,23.6%的学生身体前倾背负书包。37.0%的学生感觉书包重,一年级学生感觉书包重的报告率明显高于其他4个年级,女生主观感觉发生率高于男生,差异无统计学意义。学生肩部不适感觉报告率最高（33.4%）,其次是颈部（23.4%）。低年级（一、二、三年级）学生使用书包感觉很累的报告率高于高年级（四、五年级）,差异有统计学意义（χ^2=4.647,P〈0.05）。结论金山区小学生规范使用书包率较低,对健康影响较大,应加强学生健康教育,尤其是低年级学生,促使孩子科学规范使用书包。Objective To understand current status and subjective complaints due to backpack among primary students in Jinshan District. Methods Five primary schools were randomly selected. All students from each grade participated in the survey.Self-designed questionnaire was conducted among 999 students while weight and height was provided by medical records. Results About 98.8% backpacks had double shoulder straps with length could be adjusted, 88.2% the students carried the bag on both sides of shoulder and 60.2% the students often adjusted the length of strap. About 36.3% schoolbags had cross belt, only 4.9% students reported using it. More than 20% students had to bend their trunks forward when carrying bag, 37.0% of students thought their bags were heavy, especially among grade 1 students and girls. The prevalence of shoulder pain was the highest（ 33. 4%）, followed by neck pain（ 23.4%）, especially among students from lower grades（ 1- 3）. Conclusion Backpack isn＇t used properly among most students in Shanghai, which can cause back problems or even injury. Schools and parents may adopt some practices and encourage students to wear a backpack correctly, as well as a view to reducing the weight of school bags.

关 键 词：教学 设备和供应 行为 学生 

分 类 号：G479[文化科学—教育学] R195[文化科学—教育技术学]