上海中小学教师营养知识态度行为对体质量指数的影响  

Effect of nutritional knowledge, attitude and practice score of primary and middle school teachers on BMI in Shanghai

作　　者：茅晓蒙 阮慧娟[1] 赵雪林[1] 汤庆娅[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院临床营养科,上海200092

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2016年第9期1339-1341,共3页Chinese Journal of School Health

基　　金：上海市公共卫生体系建设三年行动计划项目(2011-2013)

摘　　要：目的了解上海地区中小学教师营养知识—态度—行为（KAP）现状及其与体质量指数（BMI）的关系,为中小学教师营养教育工作提供理论依据。方法在上海市学生肥胖干预项目中的试点学校进行营养知识培训前,对1 361名教师发放问卷和进行体格测量,分别计算营养知识（K）、行为（A）和态度（P）得分以及BMI。结果教师营养知识、态度和行为3个部分的及格率和优秀率均呈递减趋势,且差异有统计学意义（χ^2值分别为54.586,468.218,P值均〈0.01）。营养知识与行为得分在非超重肥胖、超重、肥胖3组间差异有统计学意义（P值均〈0.01）;态度得分有变化趋势,但差异无统计学意义（F=0.321,P=0.726）。将3个月及1年内教师体型转变分为改善、加重、无变化3种类型,3组间营养知识得分差异均有统计学意义（P值均〈0.05）。结论中小学教师营养知识、态度和行为之间存在分离现象。营养知识与行为得分在不同体型教师中存在差异,其中营养知识高评分对教师超重肥胖的改善具有积极影响作用,行为部分居次,而态度部分未显示有作用。Objective To understand the nutritional knowledge, attitude and practice（ KAP） status of primary and middle school teachers in Shanghai, and analyze the relationship between their body mass index（ BMI） and KAP score. Methods Before nutrition knowledge training in pilot schools of the students obesity intervention project in 2013, questionnaire research and physical measurement were conducted specific to 1 622 teachers in those pilot schools. We calculated nutritional knowledge（ K）, behavior（ A）, attitudes（ P） score and BMI, and analyzed of different BMI status under KAP score. Results Pass and excellent rates of teachers＇ nutrition KAP have a descending trend, and the difference is statistically significant. Significant differences are found in nutritional ＂knowledge＂ and ＂practice＂ score among normal, overweight and obesity groups（ knowledge： P = 0.000; practice： P =0.007）, changes occur in attitude part without statistic difference（ F = 0.321,P = 0.726）. Their size changes within 3 months to one year are divided into three groups： improvement, gain and no change. Among this 3 groups, ＂ knowledge＂ score have differences（ within 3 months： P = 0.029; within 1 year： P = 0.019）, ＂practice＂ score also have differences in gain and no change groups（ within 3 months： P = 0.025; within 1 year： P = 0.039）, and no significant differences are found in ＂attitude＂ score. Conclusion There are divergence phenomenon among primary and middle school teachers＇ nutritional knowledge, attitude and practice. Differences are found in nutrition knowledge and attitude scores of varying sizes, of which high scores in nutrition ＂knowledge＂ score have positive effect on those overweight and obesity teachers＇ improvement, ＂practice＂ score get the second place but ＂attitude＂ score do not show any effect.

关 键 词：营养科学 健康知识 态度 实践 人体质量指数 

分 类 号：G479[文化科学—教育学] R151.1[文化科学—教育技术学]