国际早期儿童家庭亲职教育项目的经验与启示  

Guidance on Parenting Children:The Experience and Insight from International Parenting Training Programs

作　　者：范洁琼[1] 

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学教育学部,上海200062

出　　处：《学前教育研究》2016年第11期3-16,共14页Studies in Early Childhood Education

基　　金：上海市浦江人才计划项目(编号:15PJC025)

摘　　要：家长在儿童发展中扮演了至关重要的角色。自20世纪60年代以来,西方国家在亲职教育领域不断探索和发展,逐步形成"大力推进基于证据的亲职教育项目"的趋势,并产生了相应的质量评估标准。目前国际上广泛应用的五个优质亲职教育项目分别是:"家长管理培训"(Parent Management Training)、"帮助不听话的孩子"(Helping The Noncompliant Child)、"亲子互动疗法"(Parent-Child Interaction Therapy)、"不可思议的年岁"(The Incredible Years)、"3P正面教养项目"(Triple P Positive Parenting Program),其理论基础、项目内容、项目方法、实证支持、指导手册与师资培训虽然各具特色,但在以下方面呈现出相同的高品质:在项目设计层面,这些优质亲职教育项目在内容、强度和方法上有很大的共通性;在项目操作层面,这些优质亲职教育项目都非常强调了解家长的需求,并有一定的策略应对家长流失、家长阻抗等问题;在项目管理层面,这些优质亲职教育项目都非常重视项目的质量评估和监控以及对项目实施者的筛选和培训。此外,为了让亲职教育惠及最需要的家庭群体,这些项目都充分发挥了政府的干预和介入作用。这些经验为我国家庭教育早期干预和指导提供了重要启示,对幼儿园教师、儿童工作者、社工、教育管理者以及政府开展相关工作非常有帮助。Parents play an important role in child development. Western countries have been developing and implementing parenting training programs since 1960s. Albeit of frustrations, the field of parenting training in western countries is becoming more and more improved. Governments in these countries as well as some international organizations are making efforts in disseminating evidence-based parenting training programs countrywide. Based on the quality standards of parenting training programs proposed in these countries, three elements for qualified programs are summarized： scientific foundation, empirical evidence, and feasibility. Five programs that meet the above standards are selected and introduced in the article： Parent Management Training, Helping the Noncompliant Child, Parent-child Interaction Therapy, The Incredible Years, and Triple P Positive Parenting Program. The theoretical foundations, content, teaching methods, empirical support, materials and training of practitioners of these programs are elabo- rated. It＇s found that these high-quality programs all emphasize on knowing parents＇ needs, and have strategies to decrease parents＇ dropout rate and resistance. Furthermore, the evaluation of the program quality and the training of practitioners are regarded as the key to guarantee the effectiveness of parenting training programs. Meanwhile, to make sure that the programs could benefit needy families, the government should play an imperative role. The experience summarized in this article provides insights into the early intervention and guidance of family education in China, which would be helpful for teachers, child practitioners, social workers, educational administrators, and the government.

关 键 词：亲职教育 家长培训 家庭教育 

分 类 号：G78[文化科学—教育学]