双语者语言控制的神经机制  

Language Control in the Bilingual Brain

作　　者：杨静[1] 

机构地区：[1]广东外语外贸大学外国语言学及应用语言学研究中心

出　　处：《当代语言学》2016年第4期604-616,共13页Contemporary Linguistics

基　　金：教育部人文社科重点研究基地重大项目"多语学习者认知控制能力与语言能力的动态关系研究"(13JJD740009);广东省优秀青年教师培养计划"外语学习经验影响种族面孔加工的脑神经机制:基于大脑连通性的研究"(2014-2016);广东外语外贸大学引进人才科研启动项目"多语者的认知优势"的阶段性成果

摘　　要：双语者的目标语言和非目标语言往往存在着竞争关系,因此双语者如何激活目标语言、抑制非目标语言,是双语研究中的一个重点和难点问题。近年来,研究者们采用脑成像等技术手段对双语者语言控制的神经机制进行了探索,发现了前额叶皮层、尾状核、前扣带回、顶叶后部等区域在双语控制中的重要作用,并从脑功能网络层面对其工作机制进行了解释。今后,国内相关研究可从语言特征角度出发探讨语言控制在方言及少数民族语言使用过程中的作用。Most of the neuroimaging studies on bilingual language processing focused on the common and unique neural substrates underlying first language （L1） and second language （L2） processing. While the claim of different brain mechanisms for L1 and L2 processing has dominated for decades, functional neuroimaging studies are now challenging this view. To understand how bilinguals process two languages, one should distinguish the networks for different language representations from the circuits involved in the control of such networks. For the language networks, there is represented in the same network. However, a general agreement that languages are assimilation and accommodation associated with the acquisition of other languages may alter the language networks. Thus nowadays it is necessary to investigate the neural changes associated with second language learning and the way by which the age of L2 acquisition or L2 proficiency modulate bilingual language networks. Language control in the bilingual brain may be best exemplified in the domain of lexical processing because of the abundant psycholinguistic evidence. For instance, when a Chinese-English speaker has to name a picture of flower in L2 （English）, the word ＇ flower＇ competes not only with other L2 semantically or phonologically related items, such as＇ rose＇, but also with LI translation equivalent ＇ 花/hual/ （ flower）＇. In general, language control in bilinguals refers to the competition between L1 and L2 and the inhibitionof non-target language （ Green 1998）. For bilinguals at low levels of L2 proficiency, this competition between two languages and the inhibition of L1 when they speak L2 will be especially prominent, because their connections between L2 lemma and concept are weaker and their L2 lexical retrieval takes more time （ Kroll and Stewart 1994）, Compared to fluent bilinguals. Early in 1999, Price, Green and van Studnitz using positron emission tomography （PET） technique, found that word switching between lang

关 键 词：双语 语言控制 认知控制 脑网络 中英双语者 

分 类 号：H0-05[语言文字—语言学]