科学表征:问题、争论与解决路径  

An Analysis on Origin,Debates and Solution of Scientific Representation

作　　者：魏屹东[1] 

机构地区：[1]山西大学哲学社会学学院

出　　处：《哲学分析》2016年第5期126-146,共21页Philosophical Analysis

基　　金：国家社科基金项目"科学表征问题研究"(项目编号:12BZX018)资助

摘　　要：科学表征是用一个人工设计的事物(如模型)描述另一个相关的事物(如自然现象),其结果是形成科学知识或理论,它蕴含了构成、划界和规范问题,已经成为各种实在论与反实在论争论的焦点。早期的图像论认为表征就是心理图像,后来的相似论主张表征是两个不同事物之间的相似,同构论认为表征是两个不同事物之间具有相同的数学的或者物理的结构,指代论认为表征是一个事物替代另一个事物,推理观认为表征是一种推理力和认知能力。这些观点表现为科学理论的句法观与语义观之争、建模与理想化之争,形成了表征的紧缩观和实质观,以及分析方法和实践方法。Scientific representation uses an artifact,for instance a model,to describe another correlative thing,such as a kind of natural phenomena,the result of which is scientific knowledge or theory.It contains the problems of composing,demarcation and normative,and has become the center of contention between different sorts of realism and anti-realism.The early Bildtheorie took representation as mental image,and the subsequent view of similarity stated that representation is resemblance between two different things.Isomorphism considers that representation is of the same structure between two different things,and denotation thinks that representation means that one thing stands for another.The view of inference holds that representation is inferential force and cognitive capacity.These views put up the debates between syntax and semantics,modeling and idealization in scientific theory,and form deflation view and substantial view of representation,as well as analytical and practical methods.

关 键 词：科学表征 模型 同构 相似 

分 类 号：N02[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]