人类学方法:采风、观察?还是生命内省?  

On Anthropological Methods: Fieldwork,Observation, or Life Introspection?

作　　者：徐新建[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川大学文学与新闻学院,四川成都610064

出　　处：《兰州大学学报（社会科学版）》2016年第5期84-95,共12页Journal of Lanzhou University（Social Sciences）

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目"中国多民族文学的共同发展研究"(11&ZD104)

摘　　要：从对田野考察的回顾和分析入手,阐述了人类学方法论问题。围绕采风、访谈及参与观察和生命内省等不同方法、路径的比较展开,讨论了作为知识、思想和方法的人类学异同。指出在具体的方法上,观察、理解、描述是有限的,如果不能超越这些局限,就不能真正地了解世界,也就不能真正地了解生命。所以人类学的目标不是追求自封的、客观的科学主义真理,而是对包括研究者自身在内的生命感知与自觉。Based on a fieldwork investigation, this paper expounds the issues faced by anthropological methodology. Working on different methods such as fieldworks, interviews, participant observations and life introspections, this paper has discussed the similarities and differences among anthropological knowledge, ideology and methodology. It points out that specific methods such as observation, understanding and description have limitations, and if these limitations cannot be surpassed, to understand the world and life can never really be achieved. Therefore, the goal of anthropology is not to pursue self-styled and objective scientific truth,but perception of life and awareness of existence, including the researchers themselves.

关 键 词：人类学 方法论 观察 生命内省 采风 访谈 

分 类 号：I0-05[文学—文学理论]