元语言意识和快速命名对小学生汉字听写的影响  

Effects of Metalinguistic Awareness and Rapid Automatized Naming on Character Dictation for Pupils

作　　者：李利平[1,2] 伍新春[2] 熊翠燕[2,3] 程亚华[4] 阮氏芳[2] 

机构地区：[1]山西师范大学教师教育学院,山西省心理与认知行为实验教学中心,临汾041000 [2]北京师范大学心理学院,应用实验心理北京市重点实验室,儿童阅读与学习研究中心,北京100875 [3]广西壮族自治区防城港市实验高级中学,防城港市538000 [4]宁波大学心理学系,宁波315211

出　　处：《心理发展与教育》2016年第6期698-705,共8页Psychological Development and Education

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目(13&ZD188);教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目(11JZD041);山西师范大学教育科学基金(YJ1505)

摘　　要：汉字听写是小学生读写能力的重要组成部分,受多种认知技能影响。以858名小学一至六年级学生为对象,考察了元语言意识(语音意识、语素意识、正字法意识)和快速命名对汉字听写的影响,在控制了智力和口语词汇的影响后,结果发现:(1)语音意识和正字法意识在低年级儿童的汉字听写中起着重要作用,对中、高年级没有显著影响;(2)快速命名在中、高年级儿童的汉字听写中起着独特作用,而对低年级没有显著影响;(3)语素意识对整个小学阶段的汉字听写都起着重要作用。研究结果表明,各认知技能在儿童不同的发展阶段对汉字听写的作用有所不同。Character dictation is an important task in Chinese pupils＇ literacy development, which is influenced by many cognitive skills. The present cross-sectional study investigated the contribution of metalinguistic awareness and rapid automatized naming to character dictation from grade 1 to grade 6. In this study, 858 children were administered by a battery of tests about metalinguistic awareness （e. g. , phonological awareness, morphological awareness, and orthographic awareness）, rapid automatized naming and character dictation, with non-verbal IQ and vocabulary knowledge as control variables. With IQ and vocabulary knowledge controlled,the results showed that （ 1 ） phonological awareness and orthographic awareness played important roles in low grades; （2） rapid automatized naming played an important role in intermediate and high grades; （3） morphological awareness explained unique variance of character dictation in all grades. Every cognitive skill played a different role in different grade level.

关 键 词：元语言意识 快速命名 小学生 汉字听写 

分 类 号：G442[哲学宗教—心理学]