人力资本梯度升级视野下的我国研究生教育供给侧改革  

Reform of the Supply Side of China's Graduate Level of Education:from the perspective of the gradient of human capital

作　　者：方超[1] 罗英姿[2] 

机构地区：[1]南京财经大学公共管理学院,江苏南京210023 [2]南京农业大学公共管理学院,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《清华大学教育研究》2016年第5期68-77,共10页Tsinghua Journal of Education

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(71573128);江苏省2015年度普通高校研究生科研创新计划"研究生教育与区域经济增长相关性研究--以江苏省为例"(KYLX15_0537)

摘　　要：基于我国劳动力受教育程度的变化趋势,指出人力资本梯度升级已推进至初等教育,平均受教育年限的S型曲线增长至义务教育的完成阶段,初级与次级人力资本逼近饱和状态;劳动力的教育扩展在人力资本存量上到达了9.97年,而教育分配则不断拉开人力资本分布的公平性,教育扩展位于教育分配"倒U型"曲线左侧的上行通道内,推进劳动力的人力资本梯度升级至研究生教育是改善二者正相关性的"良方";在引入千人注册研究生数后,相对性指标揭示了研究生教育仍然存在扩大招生的可能性,但应在招生环节上进行供给侧结构改革,由单纯规模扩张向结构性增长转变,建立起"需求与条件"的动态调整机制,供给转型经济所亟需的研究生层次人力资本,提升对经济结构变化适应性与灵敏性。Based on the tendency of the labor force＇s the gradient upgrade of human capital has been advanced level of education, this study points out that to primary education. Additionally, while the average schooling years of S-curve increase to the completion of compulsory education stage, human capitals at the primary and secondary level have been approached saturation. Whereas the stock of hu- man capital in labor＇s education extends to 9.97 years, the education distribution constantly makes the distribution of human capital uneven. This leads education extension to be located in the left side of the uplink channel in inverse U-curve of education distribution. Given this situation, promoting gradient of human capital upgrade to the level of postgraduate education is a solution to solve the positive correlation between them. The relativity of indicators suggests that there is still a possibility of expanding en- rollment at the postgraduate level even though the registered number of graduate students has been thousands. However, this possibility only can be achieved when a structural reform can be carried out at the supply side and a dynamic adjustment mechanism of demands and conditions can be established. This leads in a transformation from a simple scale As a consequence, the adaptability and sensitivity expansion to a more complicated structural growth. to the change of economic structure can be enhanced

关 键 词：人力资本 教育扩展 教育分配 研究生教育 供给侧结构改革 

分 类 号：G649.21[文化科学—高等教育学]