南宁市精神科护士工作压力、心理资本和工作倦怠的关系  

Association Among Work Pressure, Psychological Capital, and Job Burnout in Psychiatric Nurses in Nanning

作　　者：冯志远[1] 夏梅[1] 谢焱 潘柳燕[1] 徐明津 杨新国[1] 

机构地区：[1]广西大学教育学院,广西南宁530004 [2]南宁市第五人民医院精神科,广西南宁530031

出　　处：《环境与职业医学》2016年第11期1069-1075,共7页Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine

基　　金：2015年广西高校人文社会科学重点研究基地"区域社会管理创新研究中心"第二批开放合作课题国家社科培育项目(编号:JDKF201502003)

摘　　要：[目的]探讨精神科护士工作压力、心理资本和工作倦怠的关系,为精神科护士管理者提供依据。[方法]采用护士工作压力源量表、积极心理资本问卷和工作倦怠量表,对南宁市1所专科精神病院和4所综合医院的精神科407名护士进行调查。[结果]南宁市精神科护士工作压力(总均分为80.72±17.24)处于中等水平;心理资本(总均分为117.23±19.75)处于中等水平;工作倦怠的情感衰竭(总分为20.09±10.27)和去人格化(总分为7.31±6.16)维度处于中等倦怠水平,而低个人成就感(总分为18.38±10.33)处于高度倦怠水平。护士每月晚夜班数量不同,其工作压力得分差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);护士的职称不同,其工作压力和心理资本得分差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。工作压力与心理资本呈负相关(r=-0.18,P<0.001),工作压力与情感衰竭和去人格化呈正相关(r=0.44、0.40,均P<0.001),心理资本与工作倦怠各维度均呈负相关(r=-0.33、-0.33、-0.59,均P<0.001)。心理资本在工作压力与工作倦怠各维度之间起中介作用。[结论]精神科管理者应通过减少工作压力和提高心理资本,以减少精神科护士工作倦怠的产生。[ Objective ] To explore association among work pressure, psychological capital, and job burnout of psychiatric nurses, and to provide reference for psychiatric nurse management. [ Methods ] Psychiatric nurses from one specialized psychiatric hospital and psychiatric departments of four general hospitals were selected and investigated using Nurse Job Stressor Questionnaire, Positive Psychological Capital Questionnaire, and Maslach Burnout Inventory. [ Results ] The psychiatric nurses＇ work pressure （total average score was 80.72 ± 17.24） was in the moderate level; psychological capital （total average score was 117.23 ± 19.75） was in the moderate level; emotional exhaustion （total score was 20.09 ± 10.27） and depersonalization （total score was 7.31 ± 6.16） dimensions were in the moderate level of job burnout, and low personal accomplishment （total score was 18.38 ± 10.33） was in the high level of job burnout. There were significant differences in work pressure in the nurses with different night shifts per month （P〈0.05）. There were significant differences in work pressure and psychological capital in the nurses with different professional titles （P 〈 0.05）. Work pressure was negatively correlated with psychological capital （r=-0. 18, P 〈 0.001）. Work pressure was positively correlated with emotional exhaustion and depersonalization （r=0.44 and 0.40, both Ps〈0.001）. Psychological capital was negatively correlated with job burnout and its subscales （r=-0.33, -0.33, and -0.59, all Ps 〈 0.001）. Psychological capital played an intermediary role between work pressure and the dimensions of job burnout. [ Conclusion ] Psychiatric managers should reduce work pressure and improve psychological capital to curb job burnout.

关 键 词：精神科护士 工作压力 心理资本 工作倦怠 

分 类 号：R135.99[医药卫生—劳动卫生]