行驶速度对机动车尾气排放的影响  

Influence of average speed on vehicle exhaust emissions

作　　者：田灵娣 樊守彬[1,3] 张东旭[1,3] 林雅妮[1,3] 郭津津[1,2] 王军玲[1,3] TIAN Lingdi FAN Shoubin ZHANG Dongxu LIN Yani GUO Jinjin WANG Junling(Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Environmental Protection, Beijing 100037, China College of Resource Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China National Engineering Research Center of Urban Environmental Pollution Control, Beijing 100037, China)

机构地区：[1]北京市环境保护科学研究院,北京100037 [2]首都师范大学资源环境与旅游学院,北京100048 [3]国家城市环境污染控制工程技术研究中心,北京100037

出　　处：《环境工程学报》2016年第11期6541-6548,共8页Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2013BAC17B01);北京市环境保护科学研究院科技基金项目(2013-B-04)

摘　　要：利用COPERTIV模型计算和车载尾气测量系统实测得到不同行驶速度下的机动车尾气排放因子,并分析不同车型不同排放标准等级车辆的行驶速度对排放的影响。调查研究北京市城区路网早高峰、平峰、晚高峰和夜间的车流量、车型构成、行驶速度,基于Arc GIS建立平均车速和行驶里程的网格分布数据库,并对比车速修正前后不同道路类型不同污染物的排放强度。结果表明,基于COPERT IV模型和车载测量系统计算的小客车NOx和HC排放因子随车速的变化趋势类似,均随车速的增加呈现U型分布;柴油公交车与柴油卡车NOx和HC排放因子随着车速的升高而减小。4个时间段平均车速大小排序为:夜间(44 km·h^(-1))>晚高峰(34 km·h^(-1))>平峰(32 km·h^(-1))>早高峰(28 km·h^(-1))。车速修正后CO和HC的排放量上升,上升幅度分别为10.6%~11.8%和8.8%~9.2%,NOx和PM排放量下降,下降幅度分别为22.1%~23.3%和12.7%~13.5%。Motor vehicle exhaust emission factors at different speeds were calculated by the COPERT IV model and measured using an on-board system,and the influence of speed on emission factors was analyzed for vehicles of different types and emission standards. Traffic volume,vehicle type,and speed information in early peak,flat peak,evening peak,and night periods on Beijing urban roads were investigated,and a spatial distribution database was established in Arc GIS for average speed and vehicle kilometers travelled（ VKT）. Exhaust emission intensity before and after speed correction were compared. The results showed that estimated and measured NOx and HC emission factors were consistent,which indicated U-type distribution for passenger cars and illustrated reduced emission factors for diesel buses and trucks at increased speed. Average speed during the four periods followed the sequence： night（ 44 km·h^（-1）） evening peak（ 34 km·h^（-1）） flat peak（ 32 km·h^（-1）） early peak（ 28 km·h^（-1））. Following speed correction,CO and HC emission increased by 10. 6 ~11. 8% and 8. 8% ~9. 2%,while NOxand PM emission decreased by 22. 1% ~ 23. 3% and 12. 7% ~ 13. 5% respectively.

关 键 词：COPERT模型 车载测量系统 车速 机动车尾气 排放因子 

分 类 号：X511[环境科学与工程—环境工程]