开放大学：过去充满传奇但前景依然未卜？  

Open universities: a storied past but an uncertain future?

作　　者： 肖俊洪（译）[2] 

机构地区：[1]不详 [2]汕头广播电视大学

出　　处：《中国远程教育》2016年第11期5-16,79,共12页Chinese Journal of Distance Education

摘　　要：自从1969年英国开放大学建校以来,世界各地出现了约60所开放大学,它们对各自国家的高等教育产生了重大影响。本文阐述开放大学运动的10大重要贡献。然而,绝大多数开放大学采用源自早期服务非全日制和成人学生的函授学校工业化组织模式。虽然开放大学的模式非常成功,但是,技术已经发生巨大变化,越来越多常规大学也在采用在线和混合式学习,而且常常做得非常好。巨型开放大学(学生规模达到10万或以上的大学)会继续享有令人羡慕的规模经济,但是工业化模式不大适合规模较小的开放大学。另外,因特网和新兴社交媒体极大扩大了获取机会。因此,工业化模式原有的一些优势在当今可能不那么明显了。高等教育正在经历从精英式转变为大众化的快速变化,大学的角色和权限也随之面临着挑战。本文在这个背景下专门讨论开放大学的未来以及致力于发展21世纪新型大学的教育改革者能从开放大学的实践中得到什么经验教训。Since the creation of the Open University in the United Kingdom(UKOU) in 1969, some 60 open universities around the world have had a major impact on higher education in their respective domains.The paper cites 10 examples of significant contributions arising from the open university movement. However, the great majority of these institutions are built on an industrial model of organization emanating from earlier correspondence institutions serving part-time and adult students. While the resulting open university model has been very successful, there have since been huge changes in technology and conventional universities are increasingly adopting online and blended learning, often very successfully. While the mega open universities(those serving 100,000 or more students) will continue to enjoy enviable economies of scale, the industrial model is less beneficial for smaller institutions and some of its original advantages may be less pertinent in an age of vast access through the Internet and burgeoning social media. In the context of rapid changes from elitist to mass higher education and the accompanying challenges to the university's role and jurisdiction, the paper looks at the future of the open university, in particular, and the lessons that can be learned from its experiences for educational reformers seeking to develop new institutions in the 21 st century.

关 键 词：未来大学 开放大学 混合式学习 远程开放学习 高等教育工业化模式 在线学习 

分 类 号：G420[文化科学—课程与教学论]