样例设计及呈现方式对学习代数运算规则的促进  

The positive impact of worked-example design method and presentation mode on pupils' learning for algebraic operation rules

作　　者：杜雪娇[1] 张奇[1] DU Xuejiao ZHANG Qi(Psychology School of Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁师范大学心理学院,大连116029

出　　处：《心理学报》2016年第11期1445-1454,共10页Acta Psychologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30970888)

摘　　要：为了考察"解释法"、"解释-标记法"两种样例设计方法及其"分步呈现"方式对六年级小学生学习代数运算规则的促进作用,以六年级小学生为被试,以"完全平方和"和"平方差"代数运算样例为学习材料,进行了3项实验研究。结果表明:(1)采用"解释法"设计"完全平方和"和"平方差"的代数运算样例,明显提高了代数运算规则的样例学习效果。(2)在"解释法"设计的样例上添加"运算标记"要运用适当,如果运用不当,特别是"运算标记"过多时,容易增加样例学习的认知负荷,从而降低标记的使用效果。(3)对于运算步骤和"运算标记"过多的样例,采用被试自主控制的"分步呈现"运算步骤的样例学习方式,其学习效果显著优于整体呈现样例的学习效果。Previous research（Lin Zhang, 2007） indicated that 6～（th） grade pupils failed to master the algebraic operation rules of the ＂sum of perfect squares＂ and ＂square difference＂ by worked examples. The reason could be that pupils did not understand the meanings of the new algebraic operators or operation rules. So that the authors proposed two kinds of worked-example designing methods and their presentation modes, named ＂method of explanation,＂ ＂method of explanation-labels,＂ ＂stepwise presentation mode＂ and ＂whole presentation mode,＂ and took place three experiments as follow. In experiment 1, a 2（methods of design： the ＂method of explanation＂ or the ordinary method） × 2（algebraic operation rules： ＂sum of perfect square＂ or ＂square difference＂） between-subjects factorial design was adopted. One hundred and twenty 6th grade primary school students chosen from pre-test were randomized into four groups to learn different kinds of worked examples. At last, all participants were received near and far transfer tests to test their learning effects. They further compared the ＂method of explanation＂ and the ＂method of explanation-labels＂ in learning the two algebraic operation rules in experiment 2. The procedure was same as in experiment 1. In experiment 3, the ＂method of explanation-labels＂ was presented by stepwise mode or whole mode to explore the effect of presentation mode in learning two algebraic operation rules. The procedure was same as in experiment 1. The results revealed that：（1） Mean performance of near and far transfer tests was better for the ＂the method of explanation＂ than ordinary method in learning the two algebraic operation rules.（2） There was no significant difference between the ＂method of explanation-labels＂ and ＂method of explanation,＂ except that the mean performance of the near transfer test was better for the ＂method of explanation-labels＂ than the ＂method of explanation＂ in learning the ＂square

关 键 词：代数运算规则 样例学习 解释法 解释-标记法 分步呈现 

分 类 号：B849[哲学宗教—应用心理学] G442[哲学宗教—心理学]