直射式喷嘴流动特性的数值和试验研究  

Numerical and Experimental Study of Flow Characteristic of Direct Sprayed Nozzle

作　　者：熊溢威 李锋[1] 高伟伟[1] 罗卫东[1] 赵凯[1] 王昌盛[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学能源与动力工程学院,北京100191

出　　处：《航空发动机》2016年第6期68-75,共8页Aeroengine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(50476005)资助

摘　　要：加力燃烧室喷油杆多采用直射式喷嘴,为进一步分析影响喷油杆通流能力的因素以及喷嘴内部燃油空化的问题,进行了数值和试验研究。选取了Schnerr-Sauer、Singhal及Zwart-Gerber-Belamri三种空化模型进行比较后,采用Schnerr-Sauer空化模型进行计算,对喷嘴的流量系数、空化区域以及空化源进行了数值模拟,对2种典型直射式喷嘴进行了试验分析。结果表明：喷孔长径比、开孔位置对流量系数影响较大,喷孔前加过渡段能够起到一定的稳流、消除空化的作用,在喷孔大锐角入口处形成明显的空化源,空化体积分数随压力、壁厚和入口段变化,进一步计算发现当进口倒角为30°~45°或者圆角,倒角比W/D=0.2左右时能有效抑制燃油空化。Direct sprayed nozzles are always applied in the fuel injector of afterburner. In order to analyze the factors influencing the flow capacity of the fuel injector and find out the problem of kerosene cavitation in the orifice, numerical simulations and experiments were conducted. Comparing three cavitation models of Schnerr-Sauer, Singhal and Zwart-Gerber-Belamri, and the Schnerr-Sauer cavitation model was chosen. Simulations of nozzle＆#39;s flow field were performed to analyze the discharge coefficient, cavitation areas and cavitation source. Experiments on two typical types of nozzle were conducted. The results show that L/D and location of the orifice both have obvious influence on discharge coefficient, and a transition in front of the orifice can steady the flow and weaken the cavitation in some degree. It also shows that apparent cavitation source is formed at the entry of orifice which is influenced by kerosene pressure, wall sickness and entry flow field. Thus the methods of lower cavitation come into being. A specially designed inner ring chamfer can effectively weaken the cavitation when the entry is rounded or the chamfer angle comes between 30oand 45owith a chamfer ratio of 0.2.

关 键 词：直射式喷嘴 加力燃烧室 流量系数 空化 喷油杆 航空发动机 

分 类 号：V233.22[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]