重新理解唯物主义的历史形态及其革命性变革  

Rethinking the Historical Forms of Materialism and Its Revolutionary Transformation

作　　者：杨耕 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学哲学学院

出　　处：《中国社会科学》2016年第11期49-69,共21页Social Sciences in China

基　　金：北京市社会科学基金重大项目"马克思主义哲学体系的研究与创新"(15ZDB21)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：法国唯物主义存在着机械唯物主义与现实人道主义两个派别,前者是自然唯物主义发展的高峰,后者则开启了人本唯物主义的历史进程。自然唯物主义、人本唯物主义、历史唯物主义是唯物主义的三种历史形态,历史唯物主义的"物",是承载着社会关系内涵的"可感觉而又超感觉"的社会的物,历史唯物主义的"历史",是人与自然、人与社会的矛盾得以展开的境域,历史唯物主义是内含着"合理形态"辩证法的"真正批判的世界观"。马克思的辩证法所内含的历史性与历史唯物主义所内含的辩证法及其统一,使唯物主义以至整个哲学发生了革命性变革。在以资本为核心范畴而展开的对资本主义社会的批判过程中,历史唯物主义扬弃了抽象的存在,发现了现实的社会存在,并由此终结了以抽象本体论为基础的形而上学。马克思哲学不仅是现代西方哲学进程中的奠基者和创造性的对话者,而且是现代西方哲学进程中的参与者和强有力的推动者。French materialism can be divided into the two schools of mechanical materialism and realist humanism,with the former representing the fullest development of natural materialism and the latter initiating the historical course of humanist materialism.Natural materialism,humanist materialism and historical materialism are the three historical forms of materialism.The material 'thing' in historical materialism is a social thing that is 'perceptible and imperceptible by the senses' and bears the connotations of social relations.The 'history' in historical materialism is a sphere opened up by the contradictions between man and nature and between man and society,and historical materialism is 'actually a critical view of the world' that inherently contains dialectics in a 'rational form.' The 'history' inherent in Marx's dialectics and the dialectics inherent in historical materialism,together with the unity of the two,brought about a revolutionary transformation in materialism,and even to philosophy as a whole.In the course of unfolding acritique of capitalist society in which capital is a core category,historical materialism sublates abstract existences and discovers real social existences,thus putting an end to metaphysics based on abstract ontology.Philosophically,Marx is not only the founder of the modern Western philosophical process and its creative interlocutor,but also a participant and powerful driving force in the advance of Western philosophy.

关 键 词：历史唯物主义 辩证唯物主义 实践 存在论 形而上学 

分 类 号：B015[哲学宗教—哲学理论]