民办学校有效治理研究——以温州翔宇中学为案例  

Property Rights,Education Market,and Private School Governance:The Case of Wenzhou Xiangyu Middle School

作　　者：王寰安[1] 

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学教育学院

出　　处：《首都师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2016年第6期137-145,共9页Journal of Capital Normal University：Social Science Edition

基　　金：北京市教育委员会市属高校创新能力提升计划项目"深化公立学校办学体制改革研究"(编号:TJSHS201310028001);首都教育发展协同创新中心的研究成果

摘　　要：温州翔宇中学的治理机制包括两种基本形式:一种是内部治理机制,即学校所有者通过合理配置学校内部决策权力和建立董事会的方式对校长的经营行为进行直接监督,但是受到学校产权界定和非对称信息等因素的影响,这种形式很难发挥有效作用;另一种是外部治理机制,即通过外部办学竞争来间接实现对校长的监督。在办学竞争条件下,学校生存发展的唯一选择是通过吸引优秀师资和提供高质量的教育服务来吸引生源,增加办学收入,同时通过创新学校内部管理来降低学校办学成本。因此,充分的办学竞争可以在很大程度上替代内部治理机制的功能,同时办学竞争形成的招生率、办学收益和成本等市场公开信息指标可以简化对校长经营的评价,从而缓解董事会监督中的非对称信息问题。翔宇中学外部治理机制的形成与温州构建民办教育平等办学条件、建立统一教育市场的民办教育体制改革息息相关。The governance mechanism of Wenzhou Xiangyu middle school comes in two basic formats. One is internal governance through which the school owner can allocate school internal decision - making power and set up a school board to supervise the principal＇ s management directly; but owing to incomplete school property rights and information asymmetry, this format can hardly play an effective role in practice. The other format is external governance through which education competition indirectly exerts supervision on the principal. Under education competition, the only choice for the principal is to attract outstanding faculty and improve education quality so as to recruit more students and get more revenues; meanwhile innovating incentives help effectively reduce management costs. Therefore, sufficient education competition can substitute for the function of internal governance to a considerable extent. Education competition can also help produce the generally accepted market indicators such as enrollment rate, excellent teacher introduction rate, benefit and cost, school reputation by which the board of directors can easily evaluate the capability and the sense of responsibility on the part of the principal, thus increasing the efficiency of the internal governance. The formation of the external governance mechanism of Wenzhou Xiangyu middle school is closely related to the education reform of constructing equal conditions for private schools in Wenzhou which has broken the dual structure between the public and private schools.

关 键 词：民办学校治理 学校产权 董事会 办学竞争 

分 类 号：G522.74[文化科学—教育学]