新教、儒教与资本主义精神  

Protestantism,Confucianism and the Spirit of Capitalism

作　　者：景晶[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学政府管理学院,北京100871

出　　处：《哈尔滨工业大学学报（社会科学版）》2016年第6期54-60,共7页Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology(Social Sciences Edition)

摘　　要：通过重构马克斯·韦伯《新教伦理与资本主义精神》一书的关键论证,从职业劳动的重要性、职业的专门化、利得的合理性、规格化的生活等方面可以厘清新教禁欲思想与近代资本主义精神的关系。在此基础上,依据韦伯判定宗教理性化的两个标准,将儒教与新教的理性因素及其与传统的关系作对比,认为儒教是一种理性主义与传统主义的结合,以其强烈的现世色彩及对巫术的容忍与依赖保护着整个社会的传统秩序,中国传统社会即使在社会结构与制度方面包含了若干有利于资本主义发展的因素,也最终并未带来理性资本主义的全然发生。By reconstructing Max Weber ＇ s key arguments in his The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism,this paper aims first at clarifying the relationship between Protestant asceticism and the spirit of modern capitalism,with regard to four aspects： the importance of the duty to labor,the specialization of occupation,the legality of wealth,and the normalized life. Based on this analysis,this paper compares the rational factors in Confucianism and Protestantism as well as their respective relation with the traditions according to Weber＇s two criteria on the level of rationalization of religions. The conclusion is that Confucianism should be regarded as a combination of rationalism and traditionalism that protects the order of society by focusing on the secular world and tolerating practice of magic. Therefore,although several factors beneficial for the development of capitalism exist in the social structure and institution of traditional Chinese society,rational capitalism did not come into being in China.

关 键 词：新教禁欲思想 天职观念 资本主义精神 儒教 中国资本主义 

分 类 号：C913[经济管理]