美国中小学校长资格认证制度的法学视角分析  

An Analysis of the Principal Licensure System in the United States from the Legal Perspective

作　　者：于川[1] 杨颖秀[1] YU Chuan YANG Yingxiu(Faculty of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China)

机构地区：[1]东北师范大学教育学部,吉林长春130024

出　　处：《外国教育研究》2016年第12期70-80,共11页Studies in Foreign Education

基　　金：国家留学基金资助项目

摘　　要：美国各州的中小学校长资格认证制度经过较长时间的发展至今已经趋于完备。各州已经将该制度通过不同的方式形成了正式的法规,并有一半以上的州在法律中明确规定"担任中小学校长必须取得校长资格证书"。州教育厅作为校长资格认证的主体,通过认证校长准备项目和制定校长资格认证标准来保证校长质量。较为严格的实体要件要求和清晰的程序要件说明为美国中小学校长资格认证制度的有效实施奠定了基础。同时,多元的资格认证路径和资格证书更新制度作为配套措施进一步保证了该制度的高效执行。从法学视角看,该制度亦是对现代行政理念"平衡论"的实践,即一方面通过严格的程序限制行政权力范围,另一方面鼓励政府积极行政,通过合法行使行政权来保障公共利益。The principal licensure system of each state in America veloped for a long time. All the states have already made it as a normal has been well deregulation through different approaches. Moreover, according to the law, more than half of the states have ruled that ＂anyone who serves as a school principal should hold the principal licensure＂. As the subject of principal licensure, the department of education guarantees the quality of princi- pals through approving principal preparation programs and setting licensure requirements. Strict requirements and clear process of the licensure establish foundation of the principal licensure system＇s effective implementation. Meanwhile, various methods and supporting measurement of the certification further ensure the highly efficient implementation of the system. From the legal perspective, the system is a reflection of balance theory about modern administrative ideas： the system restricts administrative power through strict processes ; it also encourages the government to execute administrative power legally and positively for ensuring the public interest at the same time.

关 键 词：美国 中小学校长 资格认证 法学视角 

分 类 号：G471.2[文化科学—教育学] G712[文化科学—教育技术学]