马克思主义的哲学基本问题论与哲学终结论——读《路德维希·费尔巴哈和德国古典哲学的终结》的再思考  

The Basic Question of Marxist Philosophy and the End of Philosophy——Rethinking Engels' Ludwig·Feuerbach and the End of German Classical Philosophy

作　　者：郭滢[1] 刘怀玉[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学哲学系,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《南京政治学院学报》2016年第6期40-47,共8页Journal of PLA Nanjing Institute of Politics

摘　　要：为了还一笔"信誉债",恩格斯1886年初写下了《路德维希·费尔巴哈和德国古典哲学的终结》。该文一明一暗地包含着两个基本论题。明线是哲学基本问题论,恩格斯将马克思主义哲学归入了唯物主义的阵营,确立了它与旧唯物主义和费尔巴哈哲学在自然观上的密切关联,并明确了它是黑格尔唯心辩证法的真正继承者。暗线是哲学终结论,恩格斯借助马克思主义哲学对体系哲学和纯认识论的哲学的终结,道出了马克思主义哲学的本质是一种以实践为中心、以改造世界为己任的辩证的、总体性的和实践的科学思维方法。由于各种复杂原因,该文给后人留下了误读的空间。通过今天重读《终结》,我们可以重新思考恩格斯在文中未能清楚表达的未尽之意,从而正确回答习近平同志提出了关于"马克思主义的真理性"的问题。Engels wrote the famous Ludwig·Feuerbach and the End of German Classical Philosophy in 1886 to pay an honorary debt to Feuerbach. In this book, he addresses two issues. The first issue, explicitly dealt with, is the basic question of philosophy. By proposing this question, Engels puts Marxist philosophy into the materialism camp, establishes its close relations with Old Materialist schools and Feuerbach's philosophy in the respect of the view of nature, and claims that it is the real heir to Hegel's dialectics of idealism. The second issue, which is implicitly touched on, is a theory on the End of Philosophy. Engels thinks that Marxism terminates both systematic philosophy and pure epistemological philosophy, and discovers that Marxism is a praxis-centered, dialectical, total and scientific way of thinking with a task of changing the world. For complicated reasons, later researchers have misinterpreted parts of Engels' writing. By rereading this book today, we have the opportunity to rethink what Engels has not clearly expressed. If we can accomplish this task, we will be able to reveal the truthfulness of Marxism.

关 键 词：马克思主义哲学 旧唯物主义 哲学基本问题论 哲学终结论 

分 类 号：A8[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学] B03