近海设施双壳类污损特点及应对措施概述  

Summary of fouling characteristics of bivalves on offshore facilities and control strategies

作　　者：张勇 韩帅帅[2,3] 曲兴刚 徐绍勋 严涛[2,3] ZHANG Yong HAN Shuaishuai QU Xinggang XU Shaoxun YAN Tao(CNOOC China Limited Huizhou Operating Company, Shenzhen 518067, China South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510301, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China)

机构地区：[1]中海石油(中国)有限公司惠州作业公司,深圳518067 [2]中国科学院南海海洋研究所,广州510301 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《生态科学》2016年第6期199-203,共5页Ecological Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41176102);广州市科技计划项目(2013J4300046)

摘　　要：双壳类软体动物是引发海洋生物污损现象的重要生物类群。污损近海设施的该类型生物主要为紫贻贝(Mytilus edulis)、齿缘牡蛎(Dendostrea folium)、褶牡蛎(Alectryonella plicatula)、长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)和日本巨牡蛎(C.nippona)等种类;在纬度较低的热带、亚热带近海海域,污损性双壳类以牡蛎为优势种,而温带近海海区则是紫贻贝;至于深度方面,牡蛎污损的范围大于紫贻贝。近海设施污损生物的防除主要通过水下人工清除作业、安装波浪驱动海生物防除装置、涂装防污漆、电解海水、添加杀生剂和生物控制等途径,加强近海污损性双壳类研究不仅有助于促进海洋生态学研究的发展,而且可为研发新型高效环保防污技术奠定基础。As an important group of marine organisms, bivalve molluscs can cause serious fouling problems, particularly in offshore waters. The major fouling species colonizing on offshore installations are the mussel Mytilus edulis and the oysters Dendostrea folium, Alectryonella plicatula, Crassostrea gigas and C. nippona. Oysters usually dominate fouling communities in tropical and subtropical offshore waters with low latitude, however, in temperate waters the dominant species is the blue mussel Mytilus edulis. Moreover, the range fouled by oysters in depth is greater than that of mussels. Current offshore fouling control strategies include underwater manual removal, wave-driven marine growth prevention apparatus, antifouling paints, seawater electrolysis and biocides, as well as biological controls. Further study on fouling bivalves in offshore waters will add to the development of marine ecology and such study may also provide bases for novel antifouling technologies.

关 键 词：双壳类 近海 污损 防除 

分 类 号：X17[环境科学与工程—环境科学]