跨学科视野下“工匠型”创新人才的培养策略——基于美国STEAM教育活动设计的启示  

The Strategies of Innovative Talents with Craftsman Spirit Cultivation from the Perspective of Interdisciplinary: The Enlightenment of Activities Design about STEAM Education in USA

作　　者：赵慧臣[1,2] 周昱希 李彦奇[1] 刘亚同 文洁[3] 

机构地区：[1]河南大学教育科学学院现代教育研究所 [2]河南省教育信息化发展研究中心 [3]河南大学图书馆,河南开封475004

出　　处：《远程教育杂志》2017年第1期94-101,共8页Journal of Distance Education

基　　金：2016年度河南省软科学研究计划项目"中小学实施STEM教育的问题与对策研究";2016年河南省哲学社会科学项目"我国中小学实施科学;技术;工程和数学(STEM)教育的路径与对策研究"(2016CJY032);2017年度河南省教师教育课程改革研究项目"中学教师STEM(科学;技术;工程;数学)教学能力提升的研究与实践"(2017-JSJYYB-004)的研究成果

摘　　要：创新人才尤其是"工匠型"创新人才的培养,需要不同学科的支持。作为科学、技术、工程、艺术和数学等多学科交叉的教育活动,美国STEAM教育注重活动设计,其要素包括作为学习场所的教室和社区、提供服务支持的教育者、发挥创造性的学生、不断优化的课程设置、面向生活世界的主题以及支持实践活动的环境。在STEAM教育活动设计中,学生在准备阶段选择所需的工具与资源,在实施阶段自主完成活动任务,在改进阶段探索中培养创新能力,在反思阶段巩固和完善自身的认知结构。为提高教育活动设计水平,美国STEAM教育提供面向教育工作者、面向社会人员和面向项目的培训认证。针对我国教育的现状,借鉴美国STEAM教育活动的经验,应做到:立足教育综合改革,把握STEAM教育的目标;多方协同参与,共同开展STEAM教育;强化师资队伍的培训认证,支持STEAM教学;构建满足社会需求跨学科的课程,形成优质教学资源;发挥信息技术支持,优化STEAM的教学过程;以实际问题为导向,提升学生的创新能力;支持创业创新教育,发挥STEAM教育的价值。The cultivation of innovative talents needs the support from different disciplines. As interdisciplinary educational activities, STEAM education in US focused on the activities design. The design elements of STEAM education included classrooms and communities as learning spaces, support educators providing services, creative students, the constantly optimized curriculum,subject-oriented life of the world and the basic tools supporting design. In the activities of STEAM education, the learner selected the required tools and resources in the preparation stage; completed the activity task independently in the implementation phase; attempt-ed to foster innovation at the improvement stage; consolidated and improved cognitive structure at the reflection stage. To improve the level of activities design, the STEAM education in US conducts training certification for educators, social workers and project. For the current education situation in China, the activities of STEAM education should： grasp the objective STEAM education,based on comprehensive reform of education; conduct the joint of multi-party co-participation; strengthen the teaching staff, supporting teaching implementation; construct the interdisciplinary courses to meet the needs of the community, forming the high quality teaching resources; play IT support to optimize the teaching process; enhance students ＇ ability to create, practical problem-oriented; support entrepreneurship and innovation education, playing the value of STEAM education.

关 键 词：STEAM教育 活动设计 创新能力 培训认证 创新人才 工匠型人才 

分 类 号：G420[文化科学—课程与教学论]