云南省2015与2005年青少年学生艾滋病知识知晓率比较  

Comparision of the awareness rate for HIV related knowledge among young students in Yunnan Province between 2005 and those in 2015

作　　者：肖民扬 卢冉[1] 宋丽军[1,2] 牛瑾[1,2] 梅静远[1,2] 付丽茹[1,2] 李雪华[1,2] 陆继云[1,2] 罗红兵[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]云南省疾病预防控制中心性病艾滋病防治所,昆明650022 [2]云南省艾滋病研究所

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2016年第12期1821-1823,1826,共4页Chinese Journal of School Health

摘　　要：目的了解云南省2015年青年学生的艾滋病防治知识知晓情况,并与2005年调查结果进行比较,为评估10年来青年学生艾滋病宣传教育的效果和制定下一步宣传教育策略提供依据。方法分层整群随机抽取全省16个州(市)大学、大专、中专和职高的12 958名在校青年学生进行问卷调查,收集基本人口学信息和艾滋病防治知识知晓情况。结果 2015年云南省青年学生对握手(93.0%)、共用针具(97.1%)、无保护性交(95.3%)、母婴传播(93.5%)、血液传播(97.1%)等能否传播艾滋病问题的正答率较高,对蚊虫叮咬(65.3%)是否传播艾滋病,冲洗阴道(63.9%)、外用避孕膏/膜(69.0%)、不共用注射器(62.6%)、使用清洁注射器(60.6%)能否预防艾滋病等问题的正答率较低,各知识问题正答率均较2005年有不同程度的提高;艾滋病基本知识知晓率为83.9%,20岁以下(80.3%)、少数民族(80.7%)和低年级(82.8%)学生较20岁及以上(87.9%)、汉族(86.0%)和高年级(88.0%)学生的知晓率低,差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为141.5,62.3,44.7,P值均<0.01);获得艾滋病知识的主要途径为电视(85.1%)、网络(71.1%)、报刊/书籍(67.7%)和免费宣传材料(65.5%),获取知识的各种途径比例较2005年均有不同程度升高,其中通过网络获得艾滋病知识比例提升最高。结论云南省青年学生艾滋病知识知晓率有了显著提高,但仍存在20岁以下和少数民族学生艾滋病预防知识知晓率较低问题。学校艾滋病宣传教育有效性、针对性有待进一步加强。Objective To understand the status of awareness of HIV related knowledge among young students in Yunnan Province in 2015 and compare the results with those in 2005, evaluate the effect of past ten years＂ propaganda and to provide scien- tific basis for further propaganda and euducation. Methods Stratified cluster sampling was used to select 12 958 students in uni- versities, colleges, polytechnic schools from all the 16 prefectures in Yunnan Province, and questionnaires were distributed to them to collect personal information and HIV related knowledge. Results The transmission knowledge awareness rate on handshake （93.0%）, needle sharing （97.1%）, unprotected sex （95.3%）, Mother-to-Child transmission（PMTCT, 93.5%）, blood transmission（97.1%） were relatively higher.Meanwhile, mosquito bite（65.3%）, the prevention knowledge on cleaning vagina（63.9%）, u- sing external contraceptive（69.0%）, non-sharing needles（62.6%）, using clean needles（60.6%） were relatively low. All the knowledge awareness rates were significantly higher than those of 2005.The whole knowledge awareness rate was 83.9%. The rates of the students under twenty （80.3%）, minority（80.7%） and junior（82.8%） were respectively significantly lower than those older than twenty（87.9%）, HaM nationality（86.0%）, senior（88.0%）. The knowledge mainly comes from TV（85.1%）, internet（71.1%）, book/newspaper（67.7%）, free propaganda material（65.5%）. Compared with those of 2005, the rates all increased, especially that of internet. Conclusion The HIV related knowledge of young students in Yunnan province improved significantly, but the students under twenty and minority still lack the knowledge, especially that about prevention. More efforts should be made in the effective- ness and pertinency of the propaganda about HIV prevention in school.

关 键 词：获得性免疫缺陷综合征 健康知识 态度 实践 青少年 

分 类 号：G479[文化科学—教育学] R512.91[文化科学—教育技术学]