校车正面碰撞下儿童胸部骨骼局部应力应变分析  

Local stress and strain analysis of 6-year-old pediatric occupant thoracic bones in school bus frontal crash

作　　者：应龙[1] 葛如海[1,2] 张学荣[1] 周进宝[1] 

机构地区：[1]江苏大学汽车与交通工程学院,江苏镇江212013 [2]无锡职业技术学院汽车与交通工程学院,江苏无锡214121

出　　处：《中国安全科学学报》2016年第12期35-40,共6页China Safety Science Journal

基　　金：江苏省2014年度普通高校研究生科研创新计划项目(KYLX_1023)

摘　　要：为深入研究儿童胸部骨骼损伤机制,考察正面碰撞下校车3点式安全带约束系统对儿童乘员的保护效果,采用带胸部生物力学模型的6岁儿童人体模型与已验证校车正碰工况模型,分析碰撞过程中安全带肩带作用下胸部骨骼的动态响应。在胸部中心区域选取局部参考点,计算不同外载加速度下各参考点内外侧产生的应力应变,对比分析其曲线形态、峰值大小、内外侧差异以及随外载荷变化率。结果表明:胸骨与肋骨前端应力应变明显大于其他损伤部位,且内侧大于外侧;肋骨前端应变峰值在外载加速度较大时超过失效阈值,是该工况下骨折危险区域;肋骨腔侧面内侧危险程度其次,肋骨腔侧后方受力较小。In order to study pediatric occupant thoracic bone injury mechanism, and examine the effect of school bus 3 point safety belt on child occupants, the verified 6-year-old pediatric biomechanical thorax model and school bus frontal crash model were both used. Dynamic responses of thoracic bones compressed by shoulder belt during crash were analyzed. Locations of local reference points were selected in the center area of the thorax, and medial and lateral stress and strain of these points were calculated for different external acceleration loads. Curve configuration, peak amplitude, relative deviation and rate of change according to external loads were compared and analyzed. The results show that, stress and strain of sternum and rib front end are obviously higher than those of the others, with medial values higher than those of the lateral ones, that rib front end strain value is higher than the failure value, making the area the most dangerous fracture area under the condition of frontal crash, and that the following is lateral ribcage, while the posterolateral ribcage sustains less stress.

关 键 词：汽车安全 正面碰撞 儿童乘员 胸部骨骼 应力应变分析 

分 类 号：X913.4[环境科学与工程—安全科学]