呼和浩特地区牛乳及其乳制品中兽药残留现状调查  

Investigation on Veterinary Drug Residue in Milk and Dairy Products in Hohhot Area

作　　者：郝普国 包瑞 张如刚 毛伟[1,2] 许燕武 丁源[5] 关红[1,2] 张金文 包牧原 刘正明[1,2] 周蕾[1,2] 李培锋[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学兽医学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010018 [2]农业部动物疾病临床诊疗技术重点实验室,内蒙古呼和浩特010018 [3]内蒙古万德系统集成有限公司,内蒙古呼和浩特010018 [4]呼和浩特市兽药监察所,内蒙古呼和浩特010018 [5]中兴通讯股份有限公司,内蒙古呼和浩特010018 [6]呼和浩特市家畜改良站,内蒙古呼和浩特010018 [7]呼和浩特市菜篮子市场工作站,内蒙古呼和浩特010018

出　　处：《畜牧与饲料科学》2016年第12期35-40,共6页Animal Husbandry and Feed Science

基　　金：呼和浩特市科技局科技计划项目"呼市地区乳制品中兽药残留现状调查及乳制品质量安全追溯系统的建立"(2014-农-10;2014150103000142)

摘　　要：旨在了解呼和浩特地区牛乳及其乳制品中兽药残留现状。采用现场调查、问卷调查等方法,调查了65家经销奶产品超市及60家奶产品特产经销店乳制品的销售情况,调查了139名呼和浩特市市民对牛乳及其乳制品的食用情况;调查了35个牛场驻场兽医及10名相关专家在临床上的兽药使用现状。采用回顾性调查方法,调查了2014—2015年内蒙古有关权威部门采用LC-MS-MS、ELISA等方法对呼和浩特地区370份牛乳进行兽药残留检测的结果。采用HPLC方法,检测了呼和浩特地区74份牛乳制品样本中的兽药残留。调查结果显示,呼和浩特市被调查的对象中96.41%的消费者食用牛乳及其乳制品,56.11%的消费者关注乳制品中兽药残留问题;呼和浩特地区牛乳总销量的94.46%来自于呼和浩特地区奶牛场,5.54%来自于其他地区;94.44%的牛场有专职兽医;20%的被调查牛场有超量使用兽药的情况,85.71%的被调查牛场有用药记录,94.29%的被调查牛场严格执行兽药休药期;100%的牛场对所产牛乳进行抗菌药物检测;目前呼和浩特地区兽医临床最常用的4种抗菌药物分别为青霉素、氨苄西林、阿莫西林及头孢噻呋,其他有庆大霉素、甲硝唑等。实验室检测结果显示,呼和浩特地区2014—2015年生产的牛乳中兽药残留均为阴性,市售乳制品样本中亦未检出残留。呼和浩特各辖区生产、流通的牛乳及其乳制品均符合动物性食品中兽药最高残留限量要求。The aim of the present study was to understand the status of veterinary drug residues in milk and dairy products in Hohhot. Field investigation and questionnaire survey were conducted to investigate the sales of milk and dairy products from 65 supermarkets and 60 milk products specialty stores; the consumption of milk and dairy products of 139 residents in Hohhot was investigated; the status of veterinary drug use in clinic was investigated by the information collected from 35 veterinarians and 10 experts. A retrospective survey was conducted to investigate the detection results of veterinary drug residue of 370 milk samples from Hohhot by authoritative testing institution using LC-MS-MS, ELISA and other methods from 2014 to 2015. The veterinary drug residues of 74 dairy product samples in Hohhot were detected by HPLC. The results showed that 96.41% of the respondent in Hohhot consumed milk and dairy products, 56.11% of consumers concerned the problem of veterinary drug residue in dairy products; 94.46% of the milk sold in market of Hohhot was provided by the local dairy farm, and the other 5.54% was provided from other areas; 94.44% of the investigated dairy farms had full-time veterinarians; the veterinarians in 20% of the surveyed dairy farms had overused veterinary drug; 85.71% of the surveyed dairy farms had medication records; 94.29 % of the surveyed dairy farms strictly enforced the veterinary drug withdrawal period; all of the surveyed dairy farms tested the antibiotics in raw milk; currently the most commonly used antimicrobial drugs are penicillin, ampicillin, amoxicillin and cephalosporins followed by gentamicin and metronidazole. Laboratory tests results showed that the residues in milk produced in Hohhot from 2014 to 2015 were all negative and no residue was detected in the samples of commercial dairy products. The production and distribution of milk and dairy products in municipal districts of Hohhot are in line with the requirements of the maximum residue limits of veterinary drugs in animal foods.

关 键 词：呼和浩特地区 牛乳及其乳制品 兽药残留 现状调查 

分 类 号：R155.57[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学] S859.84[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]