蒸汽爆破参数对菜籽粕中总硫苷脱毒效果的影响  

A Study of Steam Explosion Parameters on Detoxification Effect of Total Glucosinalates in Rapeseed Meal

作　　者：贺永惠[1] 王清华[1] 刘长忠[1] 刘兴友[1] 谢红兵[1] 王艳荣[1] 何云[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南科技学院动物科学学院,河南省畜禽智能清洁生产工程技术研究中心,畜禽智能化清洁生产河南省工程实验室,新乡453003

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2017年第2期529-535,共7页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：河南省现代农业产业体系--生猪产业体系创新团队(S2012-06-02);河南科技学院攀登计划(2015197)

摘　　要：本试验旨在研究蒸汽爆破参数(水料比、蒸汽压强、维压时间)对菜籽粕中总硫苷脱毒效果的影响,并用体外仿生法对脱毒菜籽粕的营养物质消化率进行评价。试验均采用单因素试验设计,分别筛选出最适的水料比、维压时间与蒸汽压强,每个试验处理设4个水平,每个水平3个重复。结果表明:蒸汽爆破处理对菜籽粕中总硫苷的脱毒效果明显,总硫苷脱毒率达73.71%~86.98%。以总硫苷脱毒率为筛选指标,按单因素试验设计,分别筛选出最适的水料比为25%,最适的维压时间为60 s,最适的蒸汽压强为2.0 MPa。以菜籽粕营养物质消化率筛选指标时发现,与未处理组相比,1.0、1.5 MPa(固定水料比为25%、维压时间为60 s)蒸汽压强对菜籽粕营养物质消化率无显著影响(P>0.05),2.0 MPa蒸汽压强时可显著或极显著降低粗蛋白质、赖氨酸、精氨酸的消化率(P<0.05或P<0.01),提高蒸汽压强可极显著降低总硫苷、异硫氰酸酯的含量(P<0.01)。综合考虑总硫苷脱毒率与营养物质消化率指标,当固定水料比为25%、维压时间为60 s时,适宜的蒸汽压强以不大于2.0 MPa为宜。This experiment was conducted to study the steam explosion parameters,such as water material ratio,retention time and or steam pressure,on detoxification effect of total glucosinolates in rapeseed meal,and evaluates the nutrient digestibility in vitro using a computer-controlled simulated digestion system.The singlefactor experiments were designed for choosing the optimal water material ratio,the optimal retention time and the optimal steam pressure.Each experiment was divided into 4 levels,with 3 repetitions in each level.The results showed that steam explosion treatment can affect the total glucosinolates detoxification effect in rapeseed meal,the detoxification percentage of total glucosinalates ranged from 73.71%to 86.98%.The optimal water material ratio was 25%,the optimal retention time was 60 s,and the steam pressure was 2.0 MPa for the detoxification percentage of total glucosinalates when designed as single-factor experiments.As nutrient digestibility in rapeseed was considered,compared with the untreated group,steam explosion of 1.0 and 1.5 MPa（fixed water material ratio at 25%,and retention time at 60 s） had no significant influences on nutrient digestibility in vitro in rapeseed meal（P〉0.05）,but 2.0 MPa steam explosion could significantly reduce the digestibility of crude protein,lysine and arginine（P〈0.05）,steam explosion could significantly increase the content of total glucosinalates and isothiocyanate（P〈0.05）.In conclusion,comprehensive consideration of total glucosinolates detoxification percentage and nutrient digestibility,the appropriate steam pressure should be not greater than 2.0 MPa as fixed water material ratio at 25%,retention time at 60 s.

关 键 词：蒸汽爆破 菜籽粕 硫苷 脱毒 仿生法 消化率 

分 类 号：S816.4[农业科学—饲料科学] S831[农业科学—畜牧学]