果渣对紫花苜蓿青贮脂肪酸和蛋白降解的影响  

Studieson the Characteristics of Lipolysis and Proteolysis in Ensiled Alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.) Treated with Pomace

作　　者：柯文灿[1] 陈明[1] 荆佩欣 张娟[1] 郭旭生[1] 

机构地区：[1]兰州大学生命科学学院兰州大学草地农业生态系统国家重点实验室,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《草业与畜牧》2017年第1期21-28,共8页Pruataculture & Animal Husbandry

基　　金：甘肃省科技支撑计划项目(1304NKCA124)资助

摘　　要：本文基于国内外抑制青贮饲料中蛋白和脂肪酸水解的研究现状,采用单因素完全随机设计,探讨了3种果渣(苹果渣、葡萄渣、葡萄渣粉)对苜蓿青贮饲料发酵品质,蛋白水解和脂肪酸组成的影响。苜蓿青贮前分别添加100g(风干重)3种不同的果渣到1kg(鲜重)的苜蓿中。60d之后,添加果渣后青贮饲料的pH显著降低(P<0.05),乳酸含量增加(P<0.05),但有氧稳定性却低于对照组。此外,与对照组相比,添加苹果渣、葡萄渣和葡萄渣粉后,青贮饲料中的非蛋白氮(Non-protein nitrogen,NPN)分别降低了54%、67%和69%。添加苹果渣对苜蓿脂肪酸的总量没有显著性影响,但添加葡萄渣和葡萄渣粉后,苜蓿青贮中脂肪酸的含量是对照组的两倍多。由于果渣中含有大量的油酸和亚油酸,这也导致了果渣处理组油酸和亚油酸显著性增加。与苹果渣处理组和对照组相比,葡萄渣、葡萄渣粉处理组中亚油酸的含量显著增加(P<0.05),而亚麻酸的含量则显著降低(P<0.05)。相对于葡萄渣,葡萄渣粉能够显著降低苜蓿青贮饲料的pH,增加青贮饲料中的乳酸含量(P<0.05);同时,葡萄渣粉处理组苜蓿青贮蛋白降解程度低于葡萄渣,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。In this study, based on the research advances in inhibiting proteolysis and lipolysis in alfalfa silage, a single factor and com- pletely randomized design was used to investigate the influences of three kinds of pomace （dried apple pomace （AP） , unground grape pore- ace （GP） or ground grape pomaee （GGP） ） on the quality of alfalfa, especially on hydrolysis and the fatty acid composition. 100 g of the three kinds of pomace were added respectively to 1 kg of alfalfa silage （Fresh Weight） . After ensiling for 60 d, the decrease of pH of for- age was significant （ P 〈 0. 05 ） , and the content of lactic acid was increased significantly （ P 〈 0. 05 ） after adding pomace. However, tile aerobic stability was lower than control group. In addition, the nonprotein nitrogen （NPN） concentrations in the ensiled alfalfa were de- creased by 54% , 67% and 69% after being ensiled with AP, GP and GGP respectively. Total fatty acid concentrations in the control silage and AP silage were comparable, but in GP or GGP-treated silages they were more than double that of the control silage. Because the pomace contains large amounts of oleie acid and linoleic acid, it also led to the oleic acid and linoleic acid contain significantly increased. Compared with AP silage treatment group and the control silage, the content of linoleie acid increased significantly （ P 〈 0.05 ） , while the content of linolenic acid decreased significantly （ P 〈 0. 05） in GP or GGP - treated silages. Comparing with GP-treated silages, the pH and the con- tent of lactic acid in silage treated with ground grape pomace were separately decreased and increased significantly. The processing method of ground grape pomace had better effects on inhibiting proteolysis even though the differences between these two groups were not significant.

关 键 词：苜蓿青贮 果渣 蛋白质降解 脂肪酸降解 

分 类 号：S816.53[农业科学—饲料科学]