海拔对巫山竹贤核桃果实表型和油脂品质的影响  

Effect of altitude on fruit characters and oil quality of Juglans regia in Zhuxian,Wushan

作　　者：倪亚兰[1] 辜夕容[1] 邓雪梅[1] 刘颖旎 杨世雄[2] 张泽宇[1] 代军帅 陈华[1] 周丰武 王玉书[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南大学资源环境学院,重庆400716 [2]西南大学食品科学学院,重庆400716

出　　处：《中国油脂》2017年第2期135-140,共6页China Oils and Fats

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31570599);重庆市林业重点科技攻关项目(渝林科研2016-7)

摘　　要：分析研究了巫山竹贤3个海拔(1 300、1 600、1 800 m)处的核桃果实表型、油脂品质及其相关性。结果表明:巫山竹贤核桃平均含粗脂肪62.70%,其油中亚油酸48.33%、油酸25.90%、棕榈酸21.21%、硬脂酸2.41%、亚麻酸2.09%,以不饱和脂肪酸(76.37%)为主;海拔间果实质量、核果质量、仁质量、出仁率、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、饱和脂肪酸、单不饱和脂肪酸、多不饱和脂肪酸变异系数在10%以上,具有较大的选择潜力;海拔1 600 m以下时,海拔升高有利于核桃果实的果皮增厚、果壳增多、果实和核果增重,粗脂肪、油酸、亚油酸含量增加,而海拔增至1 800 m时,核桃的生长与不饱和脂肪酸的积累受到抑制;果实表型和油脂品质部分指标间存在显著相关,可根据果实表型初步推断油脂品质。3个海拔中,1 600 m处产出的核桃果实表型和油脂品质均最优,可作为进一步育种和栽培的备选材料。Fruit characters, oil quality and their correlation of walnut cultured in three altitudes （ 1 300, 1 600,1 800 m） in Zhuxian, Wushan were detected and analyzed. Results showed that the walnut contained 62.70% of crude fat. There were 5 kinds of fatty acids in crude fat, including 48.33% of lino- leic acid,25.90% of oleic acid,21.21% of palmitic acid,2.41% of stearic acid,2.09% of linolenic acid. Unsaturated fatty acids were the main fatty acids （76.37%）. There were great differences in the following characteristics ： fruit mass, drupe mass, kernel mass, kernel percent, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Their coefficients of variation were above 10% ,which meant that these characters might be used as indicators for further selection. Increasing altitude was conductive to the accumulation of walnut fruit skin, shuck, fruit mass, drupe mass, crude fat, oleic acid and linoleic acid below or at 1 600 m. When the altitude increased to 1 800 m,the growth of walnut and the accumulation of unsaturated fatty acids wereinhibited. The correlation coefficients between some fruit characters and oil quality indicators were significant, which meant that some fruit char- acters could be used to preliminarily predict oil quality. Among the three altitudes, the fruit char- acters and oil quality of walnut cultured in 1 600 m were excellent, which could be utilized as alterna-tive materials for further breeding and cultivation.

关 键 词：核桃 果实表型 脂肪酸 海拔 重庆巫山 

分 类 号：TS222.1[轻工技术与工程—粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程]