论环境法上权利的异质性及其类型化的方法论功能  

On the Heterogeneity of Rights and the Methodological Function of Rights Categorization in Environmental Law

作　　者：吴凯[1] WU Kai(Law School, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学法学院,北京100871

出　　处：《上海大学学报（社会科学版）》2017年第2期110-125,共16页Journal of Shanghai University(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地.武汉大学环境法研究所重大项目(12JJD820010);国家留学基金委员会([2016]3100号)

摘　　要：由于环境法学研究中"法律理论"与"法律工程"思维模式的混淆,"法律工程"思维模式主导下形成的环境法上以"权利库"形式存在的权利群落呈现出高度的异质性。这种异质性与不同环境自然资源要素背后的科学原理差异性,以及我国不同地区自然地理与人文环境多样性和特定时空下的政治判断与决断密切相关。从实在的权利主体视角出发加以审视,这种异质性体现为适应当下需求的"国家/企业/公民"三分法与面向未来的"国家/城市(共同体)/公民"三分法的并存。而面临环境法上的权利过分的异质性,类型化方法能够实现有效回应并且在一定程度上矫正异质性的负面影响。环境法上权利类型化的功能主要体现在以领域为单位对环境法学科体系的重组与优化、"以人为本"因素在环境法研究中的复归、对环境法上权利在时代变迁中样态变化的认知与把握,以及环境享有权作为环境法上权利类型的核心构造的提出。在这诸多功能实现的基础上,应当通过类型化方法提炼环境法学研究的核心范畴。Due to the confusion of thinking modes in the research of environmental law between ＂legal theory＂ and ＂legal engineering＂, the rights community in the form of ＂rights tank＂ under the guidance of ＂legal engineering＂ appears with a high degree of heterogeneity. This heterogeneity is closely related to the differences in the scientific principles behind the different environmental and natural resource elements, the diversity of physical geography and humanity environment in different regions of China, and the political judgment and decision under specific points and space. This is reflected by the coexistence of ＂national / business / citizen＂ trichotomy and future-oriented ＂country / city （community） / citizen＂ trichotomy, which is adapted to the present demand. Faced with the excessive heterogeneity of rights in environmental law, typed approaches can achieve effective responses and, to a certain extent, correct heterogeneity＇ s negative effect. The function of fights categorization in environmental law is mainly embodied in the reorganization and optimization of the subject system of environmental law, the reversion of the ＂people-centered＂ factor in the research of environmental law, the understanding and grasp of the changing forms of rights in environment law against the changing times, and proposal of the concept of the right to enjoy the environment as the core structure of rights categories in environmental law. On the basis of the realization of these functions, the core concepts of environmental law research should be abstracted through categorization method.

关 键 词：权利类型 环境法 异质性 权利主体 共同体 

分 类 号：D922.68[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]