不同人际情境影响工作记忆的初探  

A Study about the Effects of Different Interpersonal Situations on Working Memory

作　　者：曹钰舒[1] 徐璐璐[1] 贺雯[1] 罗俊龙[1] 李海江[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学教育学院,上海200234

出　　处：《心理发展与教育》2017年第2期139-144,共6页Psychological Development and Education

基　　金：上海哲社规划课题(2015BSH004);国家社科基金青年项目(CEA130144)

摘　　要：采用信任博弈任务创设人际信任、人际背叛及背叛后利他惩罚三种人际情境,探讨三种人际情境对不同任务难度工作记忆的影响。结果发现:(1)随着工作记忆的难度增加,三组正确率均显著下降。在低难度任务中,人际信任组和背叛后利他惩罚组正确率均高于人际背叛组;中等难度任务中,人际信任组正确率高于背叛后利他惩罚组和人际背叛组;高难度任务中,三组正确率无明显差异;(2)随着工作记忆的难度增加,三组反应时均显著增加。低难度任务中,人际信任组、背叛后利他惩罚组反应时均低于人际背叛组;中等难度和高难度任务中,三组反应时无明显差异。结论:人际信任、人际背叛及背叛后利他惩罚对工作记忆有不同作用。To investigate the effects of interpersonal context on working memory （WM）, participants first underwent one of the three interpersonal situations （ interpersonal trust, interpersonal betrayal and altruistic punishment after the betrayal） in trust game task and then performed an N-Back WM task. The results showed that： （1） the accuracies of N-back WM task decreased significantly with the increase of task difficulty. In addition, in the 1 -back condition, the accuracies of interpersonal trust and altruistic punishment after the betrayal were higher than that of interpersonal be- trayal; in the 2-back condition, the accuracy of interpersonal trust was higher than that of interpersonal betrayal and altruistic punishment after the betrayal; in the 3-back condition, there were no significant differences between groups ; （2） the reaction time became significantly longer with the increase of the task difficulty. In the 1-back condi- tion, the reaction time of interpersonal trust and altruistic punishment after the betrayal was lower than that of inter- personal betrayal; in the 2-back and 3-back condition, no significant difference was found across groups. These re- suits suggested that the effect of interpersonal experiences on WM performance is modulated by task difficulty.

关 键 词：人际信任 人际背叛 利他惩罚 工作记忆 

分 类 号：B844[哲学宗教—发展与教育心理学]