目视着陆过程中的注视行为特征研究  

Study on Fixation Pattern in Visual Landing

作　　者：汪磊[1] 任勇[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国民航大学飞行技术学院民航安全科学研究所,天津300300

出　　处：《心理科学》2017年第2期283-289,共7页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目"基于飞行QAR数据与模拟机实验的民机着陆异常事件形成机制研究"(61304207)的资助

摘　　要：研究旨在对着陆过程中的注视行为特征进行实验研究。基于模拟飞行环境,应用眼动仪实时记录并分析目视着陆中的注视百分比、注视转移次数、注视时间等特征。结果表明:目视着陆绩效优组对舱外景区的注视百分比显著高于绩效差组、总的注视转移次数显著多于绩效差组、对舱内仪表的平均注视时间显著短于绩效差组,注视模式与着陆绩效之间存在较强相关性。研究结论认为目视着陆中应建立更多外景注视参考点,同时提高舱内仪表信息搜索效率。Landing accounts for only 1% of the whole flight time, but for most of the flight accidents. For the flight crew performing landing, about 80% - 90% of the information from outside world is obtained by their eyes. The fixation is a typical visual behavior. Efficient fixation behavior is crucial for a pilot to make accurate and timely operation decision. The purpose of this study is to develop an experimental study on fixation behavior during landing and to analyze the correlation between landing performance and fixation features consisting of fixation percentage, number of fixation transfer and fixation average time. Based on simulated flight environment, an eye tracker was used to record 10 subjects＇ real-time eye movement data and the data were then analyzed, and their landing performance were evaluated based on the three indexes of touchdown distance, load and pitch angle. 10 subjects were divided into two groups based on their flight performance, one was the expert group and the other the novice group. The results of this study are as follows： （1） In the process of landing, the expert group＇s percentage of fixation on outside view was significantly higher than that of the novice group （F （1,8） = 21.596 ,p 〈 .01, η^2=.73） and the percentage of fixation on inside instrument area was significantly lower than that of the novice group （F （1 ,8 ） = 26.461 ,p 〈 .01, η^2=.768）, （Ⅱ）The expert group＇s total fixation transfer times were significantly more than those of the novice group （F （1 , 8） = 34.954 ,p 〈 .001,η^2=.814）, especially the expert group＇s fixation transfer times were significantly more than those of the novice group （F （1 , 8） = 63.551 ,p 〈 .001） in the area of outside view and less than novice group （F（1,8） = 5.779 ,p 〈 .05, 02=.419） in the area of inside view, （Ⅲ） The expert group＇s average fixation time on instrument area was significantly shorter than that of the novice group （F （1 , 8） = 14.871 , p 〈 .01, η^2

关 键 词：着陆安全 注视 飞行操作 目视飞行 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]