中国少数民族人口学特征空间分布地域性的再研究  

A Restudy on the Regional Spatial Distribution with Demographic Characteristics of Chinese Ethnic Minorities

作　　者：原华荣[1] 张祥晶[2] Yuan Huarong Zhang Xiangjing(Research Institute of Population and Development, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China Research Institute of Population, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学人口与发展研究所,浙江杭州310058 [2]杭州师范大学人口与发展研究所,浙江杭州311121

出　　处：《浙江大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2017年第2期161-173,共13页Journal of Zhejiang University:Humanities and Social Sciences

基　　金：国务院第六次全国人口普查领导小组办公室招标项目"中国少数民族人口分布的地域性研究"

摘　　要：当代人口学特征的民族性是民族形成、发展过程中环境影响的积淀,被深深地打上了历史环境的烙印,是一种"历史地域性"。教育水平以及为"边缘效应""胁迫效应"所强化的人口空间分布离散度,是民族人口学特征的主要环境塑造力。地域性内涵包括相互关联的"地域趋异性""民族趋同性"和"聚居地烙印"。对民族人口学特征空间分布地域性的论证,理论上来自地域性内涵,以及"地域因子综合作用原理""离散效应"和"教育效应";实证上表现为人口学特征的东(部)西(部)、(西)南(西)北差异,离散度和平均受教育年限的显著相关,以及聚居地分类与人口学特征综合因子聚类(东部与西部)、聚居地分类与综合因子设定分类(西南与西北)之间十分显著的地域重叠度。The ethnicity with contemporary demographic characteristics is a reflection of characteristics in the formation and development of an ethnic group and has been deeply influenced by environmental and geographic conditions（such as nature,society,economy,etc.）.Just like two sides of a coin,ethnicity is the″shadow″or″reflection″of the historic environment and is also a sort of″historic territoriality.″ The education level and the dispersion of the population spatial distribution enhanced by″edge effect″and″stress effect″are the main environmental forces shaping an ethnic group＇s demographic characteristics.The connotation of territoriality theory is associated with″geographic divergence″（the demographic characteristics of different places in the same ethnic group tend to be divergent because of the long-term influences of different environments）,″ethnic convergence″（the demographic characteristics of different ethnic groups tend to be similar because of the long-term influences of the same environment）and″settlement imprint″（an ethnic group＇s demographic characteristics are shaped by the place of settlement and are hence imprinted）.Besides the connotation,the territoriality theory of the ethnic demographic characteristics in spatial distribution is also proved by″the combined-effect principle of geographical factors″″the discrete effect″and″the educational effect.″The theory of spatial distribution of demographic characteristics is proven by the following empirical evidence.On one hand,the differences in the demographic characteristics between the east and the west as well as between the south and the north are shown to be significantly correlated with dispersion,and with the average years of schooling,and within all 36 kinds of connections,31 are related,28 significant and 21 very significant.On the other hand,the degree of overlap between the regions is also very significant：the east has an overlap of 75%,the west80.9%（according to the settlement c

关 键 词：中国少数民族 人口学特征 空间分布 地域性 离散效应 教育效应 地域趋异性 民族趋同性 

分 类 号：C924.2[社会学—人口学] C95