不同培养基对赭曲霉生长及产毒能力的影响  

The Influence of Different Medium on Growth and Toxin Production of Aspergillus ochraceus

作　　者：刘菲[1,2] 王龑[2] 王刘庆[2] 王琦[2] 王云[1] 刘阳[2] 

机构地区：[1]江苏大学食品与生物工程学院,江苏镇江212013 [2]中国农业科学院农产品加工研究所/农业部农产品加工综合性重点实验室,北京100193

出　　处：《核农学报》2017年第4期702-710,共9页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203037);国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)(2013CB127802);科技基础性工作专项重点项目(2013FY113400)

摘　　要：赭曲霉广泛分布在粮食和饲料中,其次级代谢产物赭曲霉毒素A(OTA)具有强毒性和高稳定性。由于同一产毒菌株在不同培养基上产毒能力不同,为筛选得到赭曲霉生长、产毒最优的培养基,选取多种固体培养基、液体培养基和天然培养基接种赭曲霉,对比其生长和产毒的差异性;并通过高效液相色谱法(HPLC)对比5种常用提取方法的回收率。结果表明,赭曲霉在不同培养基上产毒差异较大,天然培养基中产毒最高的是玉米和小麦培养基,OTA产量均在250μg·g^(-1)以上;固体培养基中产毒最高的是DG18培养基,OTA达到107.93 ng·mm^(-2);赭曲霉在液体培养基中的产毒十分微弱且只有在YES液体培养基中产毒,OTA产量仅为15.39 ppb。HPLC检测发现,5种常用的OTA提取方法中,甲醇直接提取法的回收效果最好,回收率达到106.64%;氯仿萃取法次之,回收率为87.28%。本研究结果为OTA检测、赭曲霉生长和产毒机制的探究提供了理论依据。Ochratoxin A（OTA） is one kind of mycotoxin which is secondary metabolite produced by Aspergillus ochraceus that is capable of causing bad effects of liver and kidney once enter into body, it had been widely found in grain and feedstuff with high toxicity and strong stability. The capacity of producing toxicity is different with various medium. A variety of solid medium, liquid medium and natural medium have been used in Aspergillus ochraceus cultivation to optimize medium for its growth and producing toxin. And the growth of Aspergillus ochraceus and toxin-producing capability had been compared in study. Moreover, 5 pretreatment methods of OTA in solid medium and liquid medium have been used to comparing the recovery rate by HPLC. It showed that the toxin-producing capability of Aspergillus ochraceus was significant different as a result of different medium, wheat and corn medium were highest with 250 μg·g^-1 of OTA in natural medium, While DG18 medium was optimal solid medium in producing OTA with 107.93 ng·mm^-2 of OTA. However, Aspergillus ochraceus showed poor ability of producing OTA in liquid medium, OTA only could be detected in YES broth and the OTA content was 15.39 ppb. Methanol extraction method and chloroform extraction method were the best methods of OTA extraction, with highest recovery rate of 106.64% and second highest recovery rate of 87.28%, respectively. This study had provided a theoretical support for OTA detection and exploration of growth and toxin producing mechanism in Aspergillus ochraceus.

关 键 词：赭曲霉 赭曲霉毒素A 培养基 生长 产毒 

分 类 号：Q936[生物学—微生物学]