北京市机动车排放的空间聚类特征研究  

Spatial Distribution Cluster Characteristics of Vehicle Emissions in Beijing

作　　者：郭津津[1,2] 樊守彬[2,3] 王军玲[2,3] 田灵娣 张东旭[2,3] 孙改红 

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学资源环境与旅游学院,北京100048 [2]北京市环境保护科学研究院,北京100037 [3]国家城市环境污染控制工程技术研究中心,北京100037

出　　处：《环境科学与技术》2017年第1期141-146,共6页Environmental Science & Technology

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划课题(2013BAC17B03);国家环保公益性行业科研专项(201409004);北京市环境保护科学研究院科技基金项目(2013-B-04)

摘　　要：城市交通排放是大气环境污染的主要因素,研究污染物排放的空间分布对制定减少排放的公共政策提供依据。该研究根据北京市城区路网车流数据计算机动车尾气排放量基于空间自相关分析和聚类分析的方法确定污染物排放的空间模式。结果表明:轻型汽车流量在路网中比例为93%,对CO和HC排放的贡献率分别为93%和89%重型汽车流量在路网中比例为6%对PM和NO_x排放的贡献率分别为92%和73%,摩托车的流量和污染物排放比例均较低;通过全局空间自相关分析发现,车流量和污染物排放强度的空间模式为聚集模式通过高/低聚类分析发现车流量和污染物总排放量的空间模式为高值聚集;热点图分析结果表明;北京市机动车尾气排放的热点地区主要位于二环至四环之间的中部和北部地区。Spatial distribution of urban transportation emission,which has become the major factor of atmospheric environmental pollution in Beijing,was studied for drawing up a public policy to reduce the vehicle exhaust pollution.For this purpose,vehicle emissions of the traffic volume on the road networks of the urban areas were assessed and their spatial patterns were characterized by using spatial autocorrelation analysis and cluster analysis.The study suggested that light-duty vehicles,accounting for 93%of the total vehicle number,discharged 93%CO and 89%HC,whereas heavy-duty vehicles,only accounting for 6%,discharged 92%PM and 73%NOx,respectively,and the pollution contribution of motorcycles was relatively low.According to the overall spatial autocorrelation analysis,the spatial pattern was identified as the cluster pattern in terms of traffic volume and pollutants emission;and according to the high/low cluster analysis,the spatial pattern could be identified as high cluster pattern in terms of traffic volume and pollutants emission.The analysis based on the hot spot map revealed that the hot-spot of vehicle exhaust emission mainly located in northern and central areas between the 2nd and 4th ring roads.

关 键 词：机动车尾气 排放清单 空间分布模式 空间自相关分析 高/低聚类分析 热点分析 

分 类 号：X734.2[环境科学与工程—环境工程]