环境损害司法鉴定若干问题探索——基于环境损害责任纠纷实践的分析  

Probing environmental forensic science:an analysis based on environmental damage liability disputes

作　　者：朱晋峰[1,2] Zhu Jinfeng.(Institute of forensic science, ministry of justice, PRC, Shanghai 20006 Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Nanjing 210023.)

机构地区：[1]司法部司法鉴定科学技术研究所,上海200063 [2]南京师范大学法学院,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《证据科学》2017年第1期65-79,共15页Evidence Science

基　　金：国家"十三五"重点研发计划"司法鉴定意见证据评价系统研究"(2016YFC0800707)的阶段性成果;国家社会科学基金项目"强制医疗制度诉讼化建构研究"(14CFX070)的阶段性成果;全国司法行政系统理论研究规划课题"鉴定人隐蔽作证制度研究"(14GH2028)的阶段性成果;司法部司法鉴定科学技术研究所项目"鉴定人作证保障制度研究"(GY2014Z-5)的阶段性成果;华东政法大学2015年度校级科研项目"民事执行权的控制研究-基于英国视角的考察"(15HZK007)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：环境问题已经成为影响社会公众身体健康、生存条件的基础性问题。然而,近年来随着我国环境问题的突出,有关部门对环境污染行为也加大了相应的惩处力度。囿于环境问题牵涉空气、地表水、地下水、土壤、动植物等众多专业领域,一般人员往往难以通过自身知识对这些专业性问题进行判定。故借助于专业机构的专业人士的判定也就成为必要,其甚至在一定程度上能够在环境污染案件的审理中发挥决定性作用。随着司法部商请最高人民法院、最高人民检察院同意,将环境损害司法鉴定纳入司法鉴定统一管理范畴,我国环境损害司法鉴定进入长效发展时期。然而,由于我国环境损害司法鉴定发展较晚,实践中还存在环境损害司法鉴定主体性缺失、鉴定业务范围无法满足诉讼需求、专家证人和专家陪审员制度待完善、鉴定费用过高等问题,亟需予以完善。Environmental contamination has become a fundamental problem which affects health and living conditions of the public.However,in response to salient environmental problems,relevant departments have taken tough punitive measures against environmental contamination in recent years.For environmental contamination always relates to air,surface water,groundwater,soil,plants,animals,and many other areas that employs special expertise,an ordinary examiner is unable to explain these professional issues.Therefore,it is necessary to turn to specialists from professional institutions.Examinations made by these specialists,to a certain extent,play a decisive role in environmental pollution cases.As approved by the Supreme Court and the Supreme Procuratorate,environmental forensic examination has been incorporated into the unified management of the forensic examination.Environmental forensic examination will face a long period of sustainable development.However,because the development of environmental forensic science starts relatively late,there is a great need of resolving the following problems-lack of environmental forensic examiner,limited scope of forensic examination,incomplete expert witness and expert juror system,huge fees for forensic examination and other issues.

关 键 词：环境损害司法鉴定 鉴定业务范围 专家证人 专家陪审员 鉴定费用 

分 类 号：D915.13[政治法律—诉讼法学]