秸秆还田对耕作黑土中小型土壤动物群落的影响  

Effect of straw-returning management on meso-micro soil fauna in a cultivated black soil area

作　　者：杨旭[1] 高梅香[1] 张雪萍[1] 林琳[1] 沙迪[1] 张利敏[1] 

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨师范大学,黑龙江省普通高等学校地理环境遥感监测重点实验室,地理科学学院,哈尔滨150025

出　　处：《生态学报》2017年第7期2206-2216,共11页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41371072,41471037);黑龙江省普通本科高等学校青年创新人才培养计划(UNPYSCT-2015054);哈尔滨师范大学校青年学术骨干项目(10XQXG08)

摘　　要：为了考察秸秆还田对耕作黑土中土壤动物群落结构的影响,2009年到2011年在黑龙江省海伦市进行了定点实验,调查了样地A(17kg秸秆+含高浓度催腐剂还田)、样地B(8.5kg秸秆+含低浓度催腐剂还田)、样地C(对照样地),样地D(8.5kg秸秆还田),样地E(17kg秸秆还田)的中小型土壤动物群落结构。共获取中小型土壤动物21779只,分别隶属于58个类群。其中,甲螨亚目、姬跳虫科、棘跳虫科与驼跳科4个类群土壤动物在本地区是最适应环境变化的土壤动物类群。土壤动物群落结构分析表明,对照样地C中土壤动物密度最高(46591.67只/m^2),土壤动物类群最多(17.17),土壤动物优势度指数最大(0.37),样地D中土壤动物丰富度指数最多(2.63),样地A中土壤动物多样性指数最高(1.72),样地B中土壤动物均匀性最高(0.64)。同时,各样地土壤动物基本都具有表聚性,样地A中土壤动物更趋于生存于上层土壤。综合比较分析表明,样地A秸秆还田方式相对来说最利于土壤动物生存。主成分分析表明,不同秸秆还田方式对土壤动物密度、甲螨亚目动物类群、节跳虫科类群、前气门亚目类群影响较大,是耕作黑土中对秸秆还田方式反应敏感的土壤动物指标,今后可以作为考察耕作黑土秸秆还田肥力效应的评价指标。另外,CAA分析表明:受土壤环境因子影响较大的土壤动物类群多为研究区域内优势类群与常见类群,土壤动物的密度与土壤中有机质、有机碳、碳氮比与全磷的含量关系最为密切。Crop straw is an important material basis for nutrient cycling in agro-ecosystems. Straw returning is a method in which straw is applied to the soil to improve soil properties, and is used for accelerating immature soil development in cultivated land and improving soil fertility. Soil fauna is an important component of the ecosystem, and is involved in the straw decomposition process, improving the decomposition of organic matter and promoting nutrient absorption by plants. Therefore, research on the ecology of soil fauna and sustainable utilization of cultivated soil, including black soil, has been widely conducted. Understanding the correlation between soil fauna and straw returning will provide a scientific basis for the protection of the soil fauna community and sustainable utilization management of tillage ecosystems in black soil areas. To investigate the effect of straw returning on meso-micro soil fauna communities in cultivated black soil, field experiments were carried out in Hai-lun, Heilongjiang Province from 2009 to 2011. The experiments were conducted in five selected plots：Plot A：17 kg corn straw returning and high concentrations of microbial inoculants; Plot B：8.5 kg corn straw returning and low concentrations of microbial inoculants; Plot C：control; Plot D：8.5 kg corn straw returning; and Plot E：17 kg corn straw returning. A total of 21,779 individuals, belonging to 58 groups, were extracted and identified in the plots. Among them, Oribatida, Hypogastruridae, Onychiuridae, and Cyphoderidae were most suitable to understand environmental changes in the study area. Analysis of the soil fauna community structure showed that the density, group number, and Simpson Dominance Index of soil fauna were highest in the control Plot C （46,591.67 ind/m2, 17.17, 0.37, respectively）. The soil fauna richness index was highest in Plot D （2.63）; the diversity index was highest in Plot A （1.72）; and the evenness index was highest in Plot B （0.64）. Meanwhile, the soil fauna was characteriz

关 键 词：秸秆还田 耕作黑土 土壤动物 群落结构 土壤环境影响 

分 类 号：S154.5[农业科学—土壤学]