英汉词项时间性编码差异的认知语法研究  

A cognitive grammar study on temporality in English and Chinese lexemes

作　　者：莫启扬[1] 文旭[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南大学

出　　处：《现代外语》2017年第3期314-323,共10页Modern Foreign Languages

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目"认知语言学理论建设与汉语的认知研究"(15ZDB099);教育部社科基金项目"语言中的去时间化研究"(12YJC740079);重庆市高校青年骨干教师资助计划项目"英汉小句结构的认知类型学研究";中央高校基本科研业务费专项基金项目(SWU1409120;SWU1509385)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：汉语词类难以有效划分,是由于汉语为时间性未分化的语言,这有别于时间性已经分化的英语。汉语"名动包含"的实质就是词项的时间性没有明确指定。英语词项的时间性在词库中已经通过形态手段得到了明确指定,处于时间性连续统的两端。而汉语的词项入句前没有强制性范畴化,处于时间性连续统的中间位置。时间性分合方面的差异是导致英汉小句关系类例分合差异和名词化"梯度/两极"对立的原因。The difficulty in identifying the parts of speech of lexical items in Chinese results from its precategoriality of temporality, as opposed to English, whose temporality is clearly fixed. The essence of'noun including verb'in Chinese is thus the unspecification of temporality. Specifically, lexical items in Chinese, which are not temporally marked in the lexicon, lie in the middle of the temporality continuum. In contrast, English lexical items, whose temporality is assigned through morphological means in the lexicon,lie at either extremes of the continuum. The differences in temporality assignment result in the choice of different means in the type or instance segregation of clause relations, and in the gradient or polar oppositions in nominalization between the two languages.

关 键 词：时间性 认知语法 类例分合 名词化 

分 类 号：H043[语言文字—语言学]