我国推行奶牛生产性能测定的可借鉴模式及对策  

Reference Experience and Countermeasures for Dairy Herd Improvement Program Extension in China

作　　者：郭慧媛[1] 罗祎[2] 任发政[1,3] 孟兆祥[2] 范春林[2] 张沅[4] 庞国芳[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学食品科学与营养工程学院,食品营养与人类健康高精尖创新中心,北京100083 [2]中国检验检疫科学研究院,北京100176 [3]中国农业大学教育部北京市共建功能乳品重点实验室,北京100083 [4]中国农业大学动物科学技术学院,北京100083

出　　处：《中国农业科技导报》2017年第5期1-11,共11页Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology

基　　金：中国工程院重大咨询项目(2012-ZD-3)资助

摘　　要：奶牛生产性能测定(DHI)是目前世界上最科学、最有效的奶牛生产管理工具。纵观20世纪后半叶全球奶业发展实践经验证明,奶牛群体改良和牧场生产效益提高,60%归功于DHI的推广应用。然而,由于我国奶业发展起步晚、地区发展不均衡、牧场规模差异大等原因,在奶牛生产性能测定项目推进过程中面临诸多问题,2013年我国奶牛参加生产性能测定的比例不足8%。针对我国在推行DHI工作中的困境,从建立完善的第三方DHI运行体系、全面精准的DHI数据积累和深度挖掘、建立细致实干的DHI数据解读与牧场管理推广机构、充分发挥行业协会的作用加强DHI工作各环节的衔接等方面,对奶业发达国家和地区推行DHI的成功经验进行了分析和梳理。在此基础上,从加强对DHI工作的重视程度与顶层设计、出台一揽子政策、建立DHI测定第三方实验室体系、改革现行原料乳定价机制、设立"DHI牵牛工程专项基金"、推进宏量DHI数据的挖掘与共享等方面提出了政策建议,以期为加快推进我国奶牛生产性能测定工作提供借鉴。Abstract： Dairy herd improvement （DHI） program has been advocated since their inception as the most efficient management tool for milk production. A century of success shows that dairy herd genetic improvement and farm profit increase are attributable in 60% to DHI program. However, because of the short dairy developing history and the big difference of farm pattern in diverse regions, it makes advancing DHI very difficult in China. In 2013, only 7.8% of cows were enrolled in this program. The progress and experience of DHI organizing system and extension program in dairy developed countries were systematically reviewed, such as establishing a third-party DHI system, accumulation and mining of DHI big data, instructing cow farmers based on DHI, and strengthening the role of National Dairy Association. In order to provide more information for the development and execution of DHI program in China, future actions were proposed in this paper： strengthening macro-management of DHI program, releasing a package of policies, establishing a third-party inspection system, reforming raw milk payment system, setting up a special fund for DHI system, and advancing DHI data mining and sharing.

关 键 词：奶牛生产性能测定 发达国家 推行模式 启示 

分 类 号：S823[农业科学—畜牧学]