双氰胺对冬闲稻田和油菜地N2O排放的影响  

Effect of Dicyandiamide on N_2O Emission in Fallow Paddy Field and Rape Cropping

作　　者：伍延正[1,3] 张苗苗[1] 秦红灵[2] 陈春兰[2] 王娟[1] 魏文学[2] 李勇[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所,长沙农业环境观测研究站,长沙410125 [2]中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所,亚热带农业生态过程重点实验室,中国科学院桃源农业生态试验站,长沙410125 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《环境科学》2017年第5期2084-2092,共9页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划(973)项目(2012CB417105);国家自然科学基金项目(41171200)

摘　　要：冬季的温室气体排放往往被忽视,而最新的研究结果表明,冬闲稻田和冬季油菜地N_2O排放仍较大,研究相应的减排措施及减排机制对于减少农田土壤N_2O排放有重要意义.在中国科学院桃源农业生态试验站选择冬闲稻田和油菜地两种不同土地利用方式,并设置添加和不添加双氰胺(DCD)处理,采用静态箱采集和气相色谱法结合监测N_2O排放动态,利用分子生物学手段分析氨氧化古菌(AOA)和氨氧化细菌(AOB)的群落结构和丰度变化.结果表明,添加DCD后明显抑制了冬闲稻田和油菜地N_2O排放,分别减少了36.7%和23.6%.DCD施入抑制了冬闲稻田AOA和AOB的丰度但只改变AOA的群落结构,DCD使AOA和AOB丰度分别减少了59.3%和73.7%.与此相反,添加DCD只改变油菜地AOB的群落结构同时只抑制了AOB的丰度.本研究表明,施加DCD能有效减少冬闲稻田和冬季油菜地N_2O排放,但减排机制不一致.The emissions of greenhouse gas in winter are often neglected, and the latest research results showed that N2O emissions in fallow paddy field and winter oilseed rape are still large, research on mitigating the N2O flux and the mechanism behind them is of significance for mitigating N2O emissions from agricultural soil. By using static chamber techniques and molecular biology techniques, the N2O emission as well as the community composition and abundance of ammonia oxidizing arehaea （AOA） and ammonia oxidizing bacteria （AOB） from fallow paddy field, rape cropping with and without DCD treatment in Taoyuan agricultural ecological experiment station of the Chinese Academy of sciences were measured. The results showed that the addition of DCD significantly inhibited N2O emissions in fallow paddy field and rape cropping by 36.7% and 23.6% , respectively. The application of DCD in fallow paddy field inhibited the abundance of AOA and AOB by 59.3% and 73.7% , respectively, but only changed the community structure of AOA. The addition of DCD in rape cropping only changed the community structure and inhibited the abundance of AOB. This research showed that DCD application could effectively mitigate the N2O emissions in fallow paddy field and winter rape cropping under different mitigation mechanisms.

关 键 词：冬闲稻田 油菜地 双氰胺(DCD) 氨氧化古菌(AOA) 氨氧化细菌(AOB) 氧化亚氮排放 

分 类 号：X144[环境科学与工程—环境科学]