养怡之福,可得永年:从古代辞赋考察中华文化的养生思想  

"Yang Yi" Leads to Long Lifetime:a Study on Chinese Health Preservation Thoughts from Ancient Poems

作　　者：朱勇[1] 

机构地区：[1]济南大学校医院,山东济南250022

出　　处：《济南大学学报（社会科学版）》2017年第2期85-95,共11页Journal of University of Jinan:Social Science Edition

摘　　要："养怡"作为古代养生思想的核心,可理解为培养自然平和的生活态度和生活方式,也以理解为向着修炼成超越物欲之累的怡然之境迈进。在医学和思想文献中,其表述偏于简括和玄虚,而在辞赋中则十分丰富、生动,尤其在如何才能怡然平和血气畅达方面,辞赋中表现颇多。曹操所说的"养怡"体现了道教的存思与导引等道教修炼方法,追求立功立德与求仙的统一。"养怡"作为颐养情志、关乎心灵超越的成分越来越多地出现在后人的辞赋创作中,形成了调节心态,超越世俗烦恼,以接近天理的自然之性养生的理念。在道教的发展过程中为善长生没有与其修炼理论融会的思想在理学那里最终得到完善和完成。宋代的许多辞赋展示了理学养气修炼与养生的情境,使"养怡"最终归之于厚德载物普济苍生的境界,达到了对医学中已有养生观念的消解和升华,成为古代养生理论的有力阐发和补充。'Yang Yi' as the core of ancient health preservation can be taken as a natural and peaceful life attitude and life style.It can be also understood as heading to the happy state beyond the tiredness of material desires.In medical and philosophical documents,the explanation is brief and mysterious;however,in ancient poems,it is abundant and vivid,especially in the aspect of how to keep peaceful mind and healthy body.In Cao Cao's works,'Yang Yi' reflects the thoughts of Daoism,such as meditation and guidance,pursuing the unity of being virtuous and meritorious and becoming immortal.'Yang Yi' appears more in the latter ancient poems as composition of cultivating spirits and surpassing hearts.It gradually becomes the health preservation thoughts of poets to surpass the annoyance in real world and get close to the essence of nature.In the development of Daoism,health preservation and becoming immortal never combines together.But in Neo-Confucianism,they melt with each other.Poems in the Song Dynasty describe the situation of cultivation and health preservation,leading 'Yang Yi' to ordinary people,improving health preservation thoughts in medical field and becoming the powerful complement and elucidation to ancient health preservation thoughts.

关 键 词：养生 养怡 辞赋 中医 

分 类 号：R05[医药卫生]