十六烷基羧甲基淀粉醚的挤压法制备及其性质的研究  

Properties of Hexadecyl Carboxymethyl Starch derivates by Extrustion

作　　者：解梦汐 朱旻鹏[1] 肖志刚[1] 任海斌[1] 赵卓[1,2] 刘春景[1] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳师范大学粮食学院,沈阳110034 [2]沈阳师范大学化学与生命科学学院,沈阳110034

出　　处：《中国粮油学报》2017年第5期75-81,共7页Journal of the Chinese Cereals and Oils Association

基　　金：国家星火计划(2015GA650007);辽宁"百千万人才工程"人选项目(2013921038)

摘　　要：以羧甲基淀粉为原料,溴代十六烷为醚化剂,NaOH为催化剂,利用双螺杆挤压机在干法挤压条件下制备了一种高碳疏水基团的十六烷基羧甲基淀粉醚。探讨了醚化剂用量、螺杆转速、机筒温度、物料水分及碱用量对产品乳化性的影响,利用紫外分光光度计、红外光谱分析仪、粒度仪等对不同取代度(0、0.025 6、0.049 5、0.058 0、0.0701)的十六烷基羧甲基淀粉醚的结构和表面活性、乳液粒径等进行了表征比较。红外光谱图在2 960~2 850 cm^(-1)处产生了吸收峰,-OH的伸缩振动变得弱而平缓,这是因为淀粉中羟基基团进一步被取代所导致,说明溴代十六烷的长碳链已接入淀粉分子;与原淀粉相比,产物的表面张力减小,且随着产物溶液质量分数的增大表面活性越大;随着醚化取代度的增加,乳状液的平均粒度逐渐减小,从粒径分布可以证明羧甲基淀粉疏水化后乳化性明显得以改善;当淀粉接入长碳链疏水基团后,十六烷基羧甲基淀粉醚的水溶性降低。A kind of hexadecyl carboxymethyl Starch ether of high carbon hydrophobic groups was prepared by means of twin screw extruder, which took carboxymethyl starch as material, bromohexadecane as etherifying agent, and NaoH as catalyst under the dry pressing condition. Discussing the effect on emulsification of products according to the dosage of etherifying agent, screw rotation speed, barrel temperature, material moisture and dosage of alkali, and using ultraviolet spectrophotometer, infrared spectrometric analyzer, and particle size analyzer etc. to conduct characterization of comparison for structure, surface activity and particle diameter of emulsion of hexadecyl carboxymethyl starch ether with different degree of substitution（0, 0.025 6, 0.049 5, 0.058 0, 0.070 1 ）. Infrared spectrogram generated absorption peak at 2 960 - 2 850 cm^-1, and stretching vibration of OH tended to be weak and gentle, which was because that hydroxyl polar groups in starch was replaced further, this indicated that long carbon chain of bromohexadecane has been joined with starch molecule ; Compared with native starch, the surface tension of outcome decreased, but with increasing of quality score of product solution, the activities of surface tended to be greater; as etherification substitution degree increased, the average grading of emulsions decreased gradually, from the particle size distribution, it could prove that emulsibility gained apparently improvement after hydrophobization of carboxymethyl starch; after starch joinning with the long carbon chain hydrophobic groups, water solubility of hexadecyl carboxymethyl starch ether decreased.

关 键 词：挤压 羧甲基淀粉 疏水化 乳化性 

分 类 号：TS2[轻工技术与工程—食品科学与工程]