“农村义务教育学生营养改善计划”学校食堂建设情况及影响因素分析  

School Canteens Construction of Rural Compulsory Education Students and Its Influencing Factors

作　　者：徐培培[1] 李荔[1] 潘慧[1] 杨媞媞[1] 甘倩[1] 曹薇[1] 胡小琪[1] 张倩[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心营养与健康所,北京100050

出　　处：《中国食物与营养》2017年第4期73-77,共5页Food and Nutrition in China

摘　　要：目的:了解我国"农村义务教育学生营养改善计划"(以下简称"学生营养改善计划")试点地区的学校食堂建设情况,为更好地开展农村学生营养改善提供基础数据,为国家进一步推进保证学校供餐质量提供政策建议。方法从实施"农村学生营养改善计划"的699个试点县中,每个县按照学校食堂供餐、企业(单位)供餐和家庭(个人)托餐3种供餐模式各随机抽取20%~30%的小学和初中。当某种供餐模式不足2所小学或2所初中时,则抽取该供餐模式下所有学校作为调查学校。结果共收集15 763所学校的完整数据,有食堂的学校占60.8%,初中学校有食堂比例(87.3%)高于小学学校(54.2%),西部地区(74.5%)高于中部地区(45.7%),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。几乎所有食堂供餐和混合供餐的学校都有食堂,仅25.7%的企业供餐学校有食堂。有42.2%的学校的食堂配备餐厅,初中学校(77.8%)高于小学学校(33.3%),西部地区(48.0%)高于中部地区(35.7%),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。31.7%学校的食堂同时有餐厅和桌椅。有28.4%的学校有小卖部。仅有11.7%的学校使用学生电子营养师(农村版)配餐软件。结论:"学生营养改善计划"试点地区的学校的食堂建设仍待加强,尤其是农村小学,学校设有小卖部现象较为普遍,学校营养配餐软件使用率偏低。[Objective] To evaluate and analyze school canteens construction in Nutrition Improvement Programme for Rural Compulsory Education Students （NIPRCES） to provide scientific basis for program improvement. [Method] About 20% -30% primary and junior mid- dle schools were selected randomly from each county of 699 counties in NIPRCES by three food supply modes （ school-, company-, and mixed-based ） . If primary or junior middle schools of one kind of food supply modes were less than two, we selected all the schools. [Result] A total of 15 763 primary and junior high school students were selected. 60. 8% of the schools had canteens. The canteen ownership rate of junior high school was higher than primary school （87. 3% v. s. 54. 2% , P 〈 O. O1 ）, and higher in western region than central region （74. 5% v. s. 45.7% , P 〈0. 01 ） . Almost all the schools of school- and mixed- food supply mode had canteens, and only 25.7% of the schools of company-based food supply mode had canteens. 42.2% of the schools had canteens and dining rooms, which was higher in junior high school than primary school （ 77. 8% v.s. 33. 3% , P 〈 0. 01 ）, and also higher in western region than central region （48.0% v. s. 35.7% , P 〈0. 01） . There were 31.7% of the schools which were equipped with tables and chairs. 28.4% of the schools had grocery stores. Only 11.7% of the schools used electronic dietitian （the rural version） . [Conclusion] School canteen and other equipment were better in junior high schools than in primary schools. Equipped with a store was common in schools and electronic dietitian （the rural version） usage was still very low.

关 键 词：贫困地区 营养改善 食堂建设 

分 类 号：G637.4[文化科学—教育学]