加州高等教育总体规划和高等教育系统的成败及对中国的意义  

The Master Plan and the California higher education system:Success,failure and implications for China

作　　者：西蒙.马金森 文雯[2] 胡雪龙[2] Simon Marginson WEN Wen HU Xue-long(Institute of Education, University College London, U)

机构地区：[1]伦敦大学学院教育学院 [2]清华大学教育研究院,北京100084

出　　处：《清华大学教育研究》2017年第2期1-13,共13页Tsinghua Journal of Education

摘　　要：加州大学校长克拉克·克尔和他的同时代人共同创造的1960年加州高等教育总体规划,首次让数百万美国家庭有机会进入到大学,并缔造了世界上实力最强的公立研究型大学系统。基于纳税人对教育机会平等这一公共利益的共识,在分层的高等教育体系中兼顾优秀和普遍入学的加利福尼亚理念,成为世界范围内高等教育的主导模式。然而,支撑加州理念的政治条件本身已经消失。总体规划实施的20多年后,纳税人的共识被打破,加州也不再提供保障优秀和普遍入学(尤其是非白人和移民家庭)的财政条件。现在许多学生被拒之大学门外,公共学费不断上涨,研究型大学面临新的挑战。加州高等教育入学率曾经一度在美国名列前茅,现在被远远甩到后面。本文考察了以总体规划为代表的加州高等教育体系的兴起和式微历程,并总结出对其他国家普遍的经验教训以及特别对中国的意义。The 1960 Master Plan for Higher Education in California, created by University of Cali- fornia President Clark Kerr and his contemporaries, brought college within reach of millions of Ameri- can families for the first time and fashioned the world＇s strongest system of public research universi- ties. The California idea, combining excellence with access within a tiered system of higher education, and underpinned by a taxpayer consensus on the common good inherent in equality of opportunity in ed- ucation, became the leading model for higher education across the world. Yet the political conditions supporting the California idea in California itself have evaporated. The taxpayer consensus broke down two decades after the Master Plan began and California no longer provides the fiscal conditions necessa- ry to ensure both excellence and access, especially access for non-white and immigrant families. Many students are now turned away. Public tuition is rising. While the great research universities face new challen- ges, educational participation in California, once the national leader in the United States, lags far behind. The current article traces the rise and partial fall of the Californian system of higher education as embodied in the Master Plan, and draws out lessons for other countries in ~eneral, and China in particular.

关 键 词：高等教育 加州 教育规划 学生参与 经济不平等 教育分层 

分 类 号：G649[文化科学—高等教育学]