ATIS和道路收费下的混合随机用户均衡的效率损失  

Bounding the Inefficiency of Stochastic User Equilibrium under ATIS and Road Pricing

作　　者：张俊婷[1] 周晶[1] 陈星光[2] 鞠鹏[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学工程管理学院,江苏南京210093 [2]江汉大学商学院,湖北武汉430056

出　　处：《运筹与管理》2017年第5期137-141,共5页Operations Research and Management Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(71371094;71471084;71271112);国家自然科学基金青年基金资助项目(71201078)

摘　　要：在ATIS作用下的交通网络中,用户在交通信息的接受程度上是异质的;考虑到装有ATIS的用户并不总是遵循ATIS的建议,因此,引入信息遵从率这一参数,将所有用户分为三类:安装并遵从信息、安装但不遵从信息和不安装的用户;均按照随机用户均衡的方式进行择路,但对出行时间有不同的感知。同时考虑存在道路收费的情形下,用户在时间价值上是异质的。综合考虑交通信息与道路收费的影响,基于用户两方面的异质性,对其进行合理分类,构建了多用户多准则的混合随机均衡模型及其等价的变分不等式;当收费不作为系统总成本的一部分时,建立了时间准则与费用准则下的系统最优模型;在此基础之上,分别研究了两种准则下混合均衡相对于系统最优的效率损失,给出了效率损失上界,并进一步分析了效率损失上界与各参数间的关系;交通管理者可以从道路收费策略的实施、信息诱导系统的完善等角度进行路网的改造和优化设计。In a transportation network under the Advanced Traveler Information Systems（ATIS）, users are heter- ogeneous in terms of different traffic information received. Users equipped with ATIS do not always follow the ATIS advice, and therefore, based on the information compliance rate, all users are divided into three groups： users with ATIS and in compliance with ATIS advice, users with ATIS but without compliance with ATIS advice, and users without ATIS, all of which follow the stochastic user equilibrium （SUE） principle but with different perceptions of travel time. While road pricing exists simultaneously, users are heterogeneous in terms of different value of time（VOT）. Based on the heterogeneities of the two aspects, all users are divided into reasonable clas- ses. In this paper, a muhiclass mixed SUE model under road pricing and its equivalent variational inequality are established. While tolls are not considered as part of total system costs, the multiclass system optimum （SO） models under time units and monetary units are presented. Then, the inefficiency of mixed SUE against the SO are investigated; a further analysis is made on the effects of the parameters influencing the upper bounds; the conclusion is meaningful for the manager in network design and optimal control from the perspective of the implementation of the road pricing and the improvement of the information system.

关 键 词：ATIS 道路收费 混合随机用户均衡 系统最优 效率损失 

分 类 号：U491.1[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]