公立学校教师有偿补课的法律规制：美国经验及其对中国的启示  

The Legal Regulation of Public School Teachers' Tutoring Behavior:The Case of the United States and the Implications for China

作　　者：张冉[1] 姚金菊[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学教育学院/教育经济研究所,北京100871 [2]北京外国语大学法学院/中外教育法研究中心,北京100089

出　　处：《北京大学教育评论》2017年第2期63-76,共14页Peking University Education Review

基　　金：北京市教育科学十二五规划课题(3017-0003)

摘　　要：本文通过考查美国州和地方的政策法规及处分决定,描述和分析美国对公立学校教师从事有偿补课进行法律规制的范围、原理、目的、手段以及相关惩戒制度,发现美国地方政府通常"有条件禁止"教师从事有偿补课。由此,本文主张对公立学校教师从事有偿补课进行法律规制的基础是教师避免利益冲突的义务,这一规制同时需要满足目的合法和手段合理的要求。与美国相比,我国对教师有偿补课行为的规制具有全国性政策但是效力不高、限制范围宽泛并突出规制"有组织"的行为、缺乏对规制目的和手段的细致论证以及重实体轻程序、重惩戒轻预防的特点,本文对此提出了有针对性的改进建议。Drawing upon state and local rules and relevant cases in the United States,this paper attempts to uncover the legal logic behind the regulation of public school teachers' tutoring behavior.The paper argues that the purpose of tutoring policies shall be limited to avoiding conflict of interest.In comparison with the American system,the paper further concludes that the legal regulation of public school teachers' tutoring behavior in China has the following four features:(1) centralized regulation but not as a formal source of law;(2) generalized prohibition with a special target against organized behavior;(3) lack of careful elaboration on the goals and means of the regulation;and(4) more emphasis on prohibited behaviors and possible disciplinary actions than discipline procedure and prevention.Respective improvement suggestions are also provided.

关 键 词：利益冲突 有偿补课 法律规制 教师伦理 教师处分 

分 类 号：D922.16[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学] G451[政治法律—法学]