论罗兰·巴特的叙事结构观——以《雨中的猫》的文本解析为例  

作　　者：李瑾[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东财经大学公共外语部

出　　处：《文学理论前沿》2016年第1期165-190,共26页Frontiers of Literary Theory

摘　　要：罗兰·巴特直接论述叙事理论的作品主要包括论文《叙事作品结构分析导论》和分析叙事符码的专著《S／Z》。前者可以解释文本中心意义的形成，后者则指向文本意义的多元性。据此旨趣可以假定巴特前期持结构主义观点，后期持解构观。巴特在《叙事作品结构分析导论》中认为，叙事作品包括功能级、行动级、叙述级三个不同层级；海明威《雨中的猫》一文中，各层叙述符码逐级展开，层层推进，从静态符码到动态符码以及连结符码的各种叙述符号（语境）与巴特结构主义叙述观相吻合，这些符码构建了女性主体意识。尽管如此，《猫》因文约而指博之故，仍可有不同解读方式。实际上，巴特的《导论》在某种程度上已经包含着后结构主义思想的萌芽，巴特后期转向后结构主义也是其思想进一步发展的逻辑必然，因此在《S／Z》中巴特指出，叙事文本由能指片段组成，符号能指的滑动性导致文本意义的复数性，所以同一文本会存在不同的意义解读结果。Roland Barthes＇ works which deal directly with narrative theory consist of his thesis An Introduction to the Structural Analysis of Narratives and monograph S/Z. The former can be applied to interpreting the construction of central meaning, and the latter points to the plurality of meaning. On the basis of these tendencies, it can be postulated that Barthes holds structuralism in the first half of his academic career and deconstruction in the second half respectively. In his thesis Barthes holds a viewpoint that narrative includes three different levels： function level, action level and narration level. The three levels correspond to the semiotic codes in Ernest Hemingway＇s Cat in the Rain, which ranges from static codes to the dynamic ones down to the textual ones.The codes at different levels develop gradually, which forms a female spite of this, Hemingway＇s text can still be interpreted in different ways for its simplicity. Indeed, poststrucmralism, as the logical result of the further development of Barthes＇ theoty, to some extent has been germinating in his An Introduction to the Structural Analysis of Narratives. In his S/Z, Barthes illustrates that narrative texts are composed of signified segments. He also claims that meaning should be deconstructed, which leads to many a interpretation of the same text.

关 键 词：符号 叙事结构 功能级 行动级 叙述级 《雨中的猫》 

分 类 号：I024[文学—文学理论]