阿多诺对海德格尔存在论的内在批判  

An Inner Criticism on Heidegger's Ontology by Adorno

作　　者：王晓升[1] 

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学哲学系,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《学术月刊》2017年第7期25-34,共10页Academic Monthly

摘　　要：阿多诺从内在的角度批判了海德格尔的存在论。他认为海德格尔的存在论把系词名词化,把系词从句子中独立出来,从而表达句子中主宾词之间的密切联系、不可还原性和超越性,但是这种做法实际上是把不可还原性还原了,是脱离了被超越的东西来谈超越。当然海德格尔试图用"存在"这个概念来表达非同一性,但是他却用具有同一性特征的"存在"概念来表达非同一性,这实际上就是像实证主义那样直接表达名词所涉及的东西,而非同一性的东西是不能被直接表达的。虽然海德格尔试图把存在和存在者区别开来,提出了存在者状态的概念,这个存在者状态实际上就是要表达非同一性的东西,但这其实就是"存在"要表达的东西,因此,他的存在者状态的概念实际上也存在论化了。他所提出的"此在"实际上也只能在存在的意义上理解,而这个存在论意义上理解的此在之生存具有独断论的特征。阿多诺对海德格尔的批判为我们思考马克思主义存在论提供了有益的参考。Adorno criticizes Heidegger＇s ontology from the intrinsic perspective. He thinks that this ontology makes copula independent of sentences to let it became a norm, so that it could express the close connection and unreductivity between subject and predict, and express the transcendence. But this actually is to reduce the unreductives and to talk about the transcendence independently of the transcended. Of course Heidegger tries to use ＂Sein＂ to express the nonidentity but he uses a word with identity to express the nonidentity. This actually likes the positivists to directly express the referent of a norm, while the nonidentity could not be directly expressed. Although Heidegger tries to distinguish Sein and Seienden and propose a category of ＂Ontisch＂, and Ontisch actually is to express the nonidentity, this should be expressed by ＂Sein＂. This means that he has made the ＂Ontisch＂ become ＂Ontologisch＂. ＂Dasein＂, the norm he suggests, could only be understood in the sense of ＂Sein＂. But the existence of ＂Dasein＂ in his basic ontology has the characteristic of dogmatism. Adorno＇s critique of Heidegger＇s ontology has great significance for us to think about Marxist ontology.

关 键 词：存在 存在论 非同一性 阿多诺 海德格尔 

分 类 号：B5[哲学宗教—外国哲学]