中国2002—2016年学校食物中毒暴发事件分析  

An analysis of outbreak of food poisoning incidents in school from 2002 to 2016

作　　者：潘娜[1] 郭云昌 李薇薇 付萍 韩海红 刘继开 马智杰[1] 杨淑香[1] 

机构地区：[1]潍坊医学院公共卫生与管理学院,山东261053 [2]国家食品安全风险评估中心

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2017年第7期1023-1025,1029,共4页Chinese Journal of School Health

摘　　要：目的收集2002—2016年国内文献报道的学校食物中毒暴发事件,为制定防控措施提供科学依据。方法利用中国知网(CNKI)、生物医药数据库、维普全文电子期刊数据、超星数据库等4个数据库,以"食物中毒""食源性疾病"和"暴发"为主题词进行检索,分析国内报道的学校食物中毒暴发事件,进行描述流行病学分析。结果共收集到文献报道的学校食物中毒事件557起,累计发病33 467例,住院16 564例,无死亡病例。食物中毒多发生在4—6月、9—11月;华东地区报告食物中毒事件起数居首位(168起,占30.16%);事件引发环节以多环节最多,其次是加工不当、储存不当;原因食品主要为粮食类、蔬菜类和肉类,分别占事件总数的17.41%,10.77%,7.54%。致病因素以生物污染物为主,占事件总数的70.56%。结论学校食品安全问题不能忽视,学校应加强夏秋季生物性污染物的控制以减少食物中毒的发生。Objective To analyze the rules and characteristics of food poisoning events in school reported in domestic literature from 2002 to 2016, and provide scientific basis for prevention and control of food poisoning in school. Methods With ＂food poisoning＂, ＂food-borne diseases＂ and ＂outbreak＂ as subject terms, we employed the method of literature analysis to analyze food poisoning events in school that have been reported in domestic literature. And the descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted based on events. Results A total of 557 literature reports of food poisoning in school were collected. 33 467 cases were reported to suffer from food poisoning, 16 564 cases were hospitalized, but no death were reported. Most of the food poisoning occurred in April-June, September-November; Most cases were reported to be found in Eastern China（ 168, 30.16%）. Multiple factors were the top reasons for the events, followed by improper processing, improper storage; Problematic food were mainly grain, vegetables and meat, which accounted for 17.41%, 10.77% and 7.54% of total, respectively. The main pathogenic factors were biological contaminants, accounting for 70.56% of the total events. Conclusion Schools should attach importance to food safety and strength measures to control biological pollutants in summer and autumn in order to reduce the occurrence of food poisoning in school.

关 键 词：食物 中毒 生活变动事件 学生 

分 类 号：R155.3[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学] R195[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]