收获期马铃薯块茎碰撞恢复系数测定与影响因素分析  

Determination of restitution coefficient of potato tubers collision in harvest and analysis of its influence factors

作　　者：冯斌[1,2] 孙伟[3] 石林榕[3] 孙步功[3] 张涛[1] 吴建民[3] Feng Bin Sun Wei Shi Linrong Sun Bugong Zhang Tao Wu Jianmin(College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China Lanzhou Vocational Technical College, Lanzhou 730070, China College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学农学院,兰州730070 [2]兰州职业技术学院,兰州730070 [3]甘肃农业大学机电工程学院,兰州730070

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2017年第13期50-57,共8页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51665002);国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0701601-03);马铃薯产业体系(CARS-10-P18)

摘　　要：为了建立马铃薯块茎在土薯分离机构和振动筛上发生碰撞时的碰撞模型,该文基于质点对固定面的碰撞动力学理论在自制测定装置上对马铃薯块茎碰撞恢复系数进行了试验测定。对块茎碰撞恢复系数的主要影响因素碰撞材料、下落高度、块茎质量、含水率、跌落方向和马铃薯品种等进行了混合正交试验和单因素试验。混合正交试验结果表明,各因素对马铃薯块茎碰撞恢复系数的影响顺序为:碰撞材料、下落高度、块茎质量、含水率、跌落方向和马铃薯品种,其中碰撞材料、下落高度、块茎质量和含水率影响较为显著。单因素试验结果表明,马铃薯与65Mn钢、橡胶、马铃薯和土块间块茎碰撞恢复系数依次减小,其中新大坪的值分别为0.791 2、0.710 5、0.663 2、0.525 3,陇薯7号的值分别为0.762 7、0.695 2、0.690 4、0.563 1;马铃薯块茎碰撞恢复系数随着下落高度、块茎质量和含水率的增加而减小,回归方程决定系数均大于0.9。研究结果可为马铃薯收获机挖掘及土薯分离装置关键部件的优化设计提供参考。The restitution coefficient is an important fundamental physical indicator of the agricultural materials related to the research and development of farm machinery. In order to build a collision model of the potato tubers colliding on the soil-potato separation mechanism and the vibrating screen, a restitution coefficient measuring device based on kinematics was designed in this paper, and the restitution coefficient of potato tubers was measured and analyzed. The collision materials, the falling height, the quality of potato tubers, and the moisture content of potato tubers, the drop direction of potato tubers, and the potato varieties affected the restitution coefficient of the potato tubers, and a mixed orthogonal experiment was conducted based on the scheme of L16（44x23）. Then, single factor tests concerning the falling height, the quality of potato tubers, and the moisture content of potato tubers were carried out and the corresponding regression equations were obtained by analysis. In this paper, the potato cultivars Gansu potato 7 and Xindaping, which were widely cultivated in the northwest arid area, were selected as the research object. In the experiment, the samples were randomly selected from the potatoes and the quality was measured. The quality difference of the potato tuber was controlled within 10 g. The potato moisture content was measured 5 days before harvest, 3 days before harvest, on the day of harvest, and 3 days after harvest, respectively. In the process of mechanical excavation of harvest machine, the collision occurred between potato and 4 kinds of materials including rubber, 65Mn steel, clods （average moisture content of 11.65%, average soil robustness of 265 kPa）, and potato. The adjustment screw on the self-made measuring device was used to adjust the potato delivery hole to control the drop height of the potato. For each test, the potatoes descended from the same height and collided with the inclined plane at a fixed angle, and started a parabolic motion after rebound. The hori

关 键 词：农作物 运动学 机械化 马铃薯 碰撞恢复系数 

分 类 号：S225.99[农业科学—农业机械化工程]