油气田古地貌恢复方法研究进展  

Review on Palaeomorphologic Reconstruction Methods in Oil and Gas Fields

作　　者：赵永刚[1] 王东旭[2,3] 冯强汉[4] 张栋梁 王少飞[2,3] 冯永玖[2,3] 付晓燕[2,3] 南喜祥 ZHAO Yong-gang WANG Dong-xu FENG Qiang-han ZHANG Dong-liang WANG Shao-fei FENG Yong-jiu FU Xiao-yan NAN Xi-xiang(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Xi＇an Shiyou University, Xi＇an 710065, Shaanxi, China Research Institute of Exploration and Development, Changqing Oilfield Company, PetroChina, Xi＇an 710018, Shaanxi, China National Engineering Laboratory for Exploration and Development of Low-permeability Oil and Gas Fields, Xi＇an 710018, Shaanxi, China No. 3 Gas Production Plant, Changqing Oilfield Company, PetroChina, Wushen Banner 017300, Inner Mongolia, China No. 9 Oil Production Plant, Changqing Oilfield Company, PetroChina, Yinchuan 750006, Ningxia, China Qinghai Business Division, Logging Co., Ltd., CNPC, Dunhuang 736202, Gansu, China)

机构地区：[1]西安石油大学地球科学与工程学院,陕西西安710065 [2]中国石油长庆油田分公司勘探开发研究院,陕西西安710018 [3]低渗透油气田勘探开发国家工程实验室,陕西西安710018 [4]中国石油长庆油田分公司第三采气厂,内蒙古乌审旗017300 [5]中国石油长庆油田分公司第九采油厂,宁夏银川750006 [6]中国石油集团测井有限公司青海事业部,甘肃敦煌736202

出　　处：《地球科学与环境学报》2017年第4期516-529,共14页Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41372118;61401355);国家科技重大专项项目(2011ZX05044-3);中国石油科技创新基金项目(2011D-5006-0103)

摘　　要：目前已在较广的学科范围及其领域内应用到古地貌研究成果,古地貌恢复更是与油气田勘探开发关系密切。随着石油工业的快速发展,油气田古地貌恢复方法的研究有了比较明显的进展。通过分析近些年兴起的代表性古地貌恢复方法,总结中国油气田古地貌恢复方法研究的主要进展。(1)古地貌恢复方法的理论基础多元化:分析古构造、古水系、古流向和沉积相等的综合性研究是沉积学古地貌恢复法的关键所在;将基准面和最大洪泛面结合进行基准面旋回对比来反映沉积前古地貌形态,是高分辨率层序地层学古地貌恢复法的核心思路;依据三级地貌概念模式指导微地貌精细刻画,是井区尺度岩溶微地貌恢复法的主要优势;碳酸盐岩沉积期微地貌恢复法的主要原则是寻找等时地质体,确定台地浅滩的暴露时间,利用颗粒岩的厚度对暴露浅滩的微地貌进行有效恢复。(2)古地貌恢复方法的实用性越来越强:鄂尔多斯盆地、渤海湾盆地、塔里木盆地和四川盆地的油气田实例说明,虽然在采用这些古地貌恢复方法时,定量研究的手段均有待加强,但仍然为油气田储层预测和油气富集有利区优选提供了重要支撑,其应用前景广阔。(3)古地貌恢复方法之间优势互补,趋于综合研究:沉积学古地貌恢复法目前应用比较成熟;高分辨率层序地层学古地貌恢复法的研究工作处于起步阶段;井区尺度岩溶微地貌恢复法适合于潮坪为主的碳酸盐岩台地;碳酸盐岩沉积期微地貌恢复法适用于滩体发育的碳酸盐岩台地。不同方法的综合研究是油气田古地貌恢复方法发展的必然趋势。At present,the paleogeomorphology has been widely used in many subjects and theirapplication fields.Paleogeomorphologic reconstruction has close relations with exploration and development of oil and gas fields.With the rapid development of petroleum industry,the study on palaeomorphologic reconstruction methods has relatively obvious progresses in oil and gas fields.These representative new palaeomorphologic reconstruction methods in recent years were analyzed,and the main research progresses in oil and gas fields of China were summarized.（1）The theoretical basis of palaeomorphologic reconstruction methods is diversified.Firstly,the key of sedimentology paleogeomorphic reconstruction method is the comprehensive study on paleostructure,paleo-drainage-system,paleocurrent direction,sedimentary facies,etc.;secondly,the core thought of high resolution sequence stratigraphy reconstruction method is to reflect the palaeogeomorphic form of pre-depositional stage by means of base-level cycle correlation based on the combination of base-level and maximum flood flooding surface; thirdly, the karst microtopography reconstruction method of well area scale has an obvious advantage,which is that the conceptual model of three-level paleogeomorphology could guide fine characterization of microtopography;fourthly,the main principle of carbonate rock microtopography reconstruction method on the depositional stage is chosing the isochronous geologic body,confirming platform shoal exposed time and effectively reconstructing microtopography of exposed shoal by means of grainstone gross-thickness.（2）The practicability of palaeomorphologic reconstruction methods is better and better.Examples of application in Ordos Basin,Bohai Bay Basin,Tarim Basin and Sichuan Basin illustrate that they can provide an important support for the reservoir prediction and favorable area optimization,while the ways of quantitative research are relatively poor.These methods still have broad application prospects in oil and gas fields.（3）Complement

关 键 词：古地貌 恢复方法 沉积学 高分辨率层序地层学 井区尺度 沉积期 油气田 

分 类 号：P931[天文地球—自然地理学] P531