社会排斥与个体助人意愿：归属感需求的调节作用  

Relationship between Social Exclusion and Willingness to Help: the Moderating Role of Need to Belong

作　　者：李沛沛[1] 黄程[1,2] 寇彧[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学发展心理研究院,应用实验心理北京市重点实验室,心理学国家级实验教学示范中心(北京师范大学),北京100875 [2]海口经济学院,海口571127

出　　处：《中国临床心理学杂志》2017年第4期597-602,共6页Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology

基　　金：北京市教育委员会项目(PXM2014_014202_07_000067);积极心理学研究基金(京民基证字第0020344号2015-01-005);教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目(16JJD880007)资助

摘　　要：目的:从个人(归属感需求)与情境(社会排斥的两种类型:社会拒绝与社会忽视)交互的视角,探讨个体遭遇社会排斥后的助人意愿,并解释以往研究结果不一致的原因。方法:研究一运用社会排斥的回忆范式,将被试分为控制组、被忽视组和被拒绝组,通过情境问卷测查其助人意愿;研究二进一步测查被试的归属感需求,并测查被试遭忽视与拒绝后的助人行为意愿。结果:研究一发现相较于被忽视和控制组被试,被拒绝的被试表现出更低的助人意愿。研究二验证了研究一的结果,并发现归属感需求在感知到的社会拒绝水平与助人意愿的关系中有显著调节作用。具体而言,相较于归属感需求较高的个体,归属感需求较低的个体感受到高社会拒绝时,助人意愿下降更为显著。结论:遭受社会拒绝比遭受社会忽视使人表现出更低的助人意愿,且归属感需求在社会拒绝与助人意愿的关系中有显著调节作用。Objective： Applying a person（need to belong）×situation（social rejection and social ignorance） interaction per-spective, this research sought to explore willingness to help others after being socially excluded. Methods： Study 1（N=172）used the recall paradigm of social exclusion, and randomly assigned participants into a control group, an ignorance group, ora rejection group. Participants＇ willingness to help was measured with a scenario questionnaire. Study 2（N=66） further mea-sured participants＇ need to belong, and tested their willingness to help after being socially excluded（i.e., rejected or ig-nored）. Results： Study 1 found that participants who were socially rejected were less willing to help others, compared totheir counterparts in the ignored and control groups. Study 2 replicated this finding, and further found that need to belongmoderated the relation between perceived social rejection and willingness to help. Specifically, individuals with lower levelof need to belong were less willing to help when being socially rejected. Conclusion： Social rejection leads to a significantdecrease in individuals＇ willingness to help others, compared to social ignorance. More importantly, need to belong signifi-cantly moderates the relation between perceived social rejection and willingness to help.

关 键 词：社会排斥 社会拒绝 社会忽视 助人意愿 归属感需求 

分 类 号：R395.1[哲学宗教—心理学]